Ideas about heredity and evolution are undergoing a revolutionary change. New findings in molecular biology challenge the gene-centered version of Darwinian theory according to which adaptation occurs only through natural selection of chance DNA variations. In Evolution in Four Dimensions, Eva Jablonka and Marion Lamb argue that there is more to heredity than genes. They trace four "dimensions" in evolution—four inheritance systems that play a role in evolution: genetic, epigenetic (or non-DNA cellular transmission of traits), behavioral, and symbolic (transmission through language and other forms of symbolic communication). These systems, they argue, can all provide variations on which natural selection can act. Evolution in Four Dimensions offers a richer, more complex view of evolution than the gene-based, one-dimensional view held by many today. The new synthesis advanced by Jablonka and Lamb makes clear that induced and acquired changes also play a role in evolution.

A central problem for cognitive science is how representations should be modeled. This book proposes a geometrical mode of representation based on what I call conceptual spaces. It presents a metatheory on the same level as the symbolic and connectionist modes of representation that, so far, have been dominant within cognitive science. I cast my net widely, trying to show that geometrical representations are viable for many areas within cognitive science. In particular, I suggest new ways of modeling concept formation, semantics, nonmonotonic inferences, and inductive reasoning

Aviation historians often dismiss the Polyikarpov I-16 because it did not fare well against its more modern adversaries in WWII. It was often referred to in the West by the disparaging nickname of Rata, the Russian word for rat! Nikolay Polyikarpov's I-16 was nevertheless an outstanding fighter in its day--among other things, because it was the world's first monoplane fighter with a retractable undercarriage. Its capabilities were demonstrated effectively during the Spanish Civil War and it was still in front line service when the German armed forces fell on the Soviet Union in 1941. This book details every variant of this diminutive fighter, including development aircraft and unbuilt projects. An account is also given of Polyikarpov's early monoplane fighters that presaged the I-16 and of the later designs that evolved from it. Details are given of all surviving examples including the six aircraft that were restored to airworthy condition in Russia in the 1990s.

From "the most important thinker on intellectual property in the Internet era" (The New Yorker), a landmark manifesto about the genuine closing of the American mind. Lawrence Lessig could be called a cultural environmentalist. One of America's most original and influential public intellectuals, his focus is the social dimension of creativity: how creative work builds on the past and how society encourages or inhibits that building with laws and technologies. In his two previous books, Code and The Future of Ideas, Lessig concentrated on the destruction of much of the original promise of the Internet. Now, in Free Culture, he widens his focus to consider the diminishment of the larger public domain of ideas. In this powerful wake-up call he shows how short-sighted interests blind to the long-term damage they're inflicting are poisoning the ecosystem that fosters innovation. All creative works-books, movies, records, software, and so on-are a compromise between what can be imagined and what is possible-technologically and legally. For more than two hundred years, laws in America have sought a balance between rewarding creativity and allowing the borrowing from which new creativity springs. The original term of copyright set by the Constitution in 1787 was seventeen years. Now it is closer to two hundred. Thomas Jefferson considered protecting the public against overly long monopolies on creative works an essential government role. What did he know that we've forgotten? Lawrence Lessig shows us that while new technologies always lead to new laws, never before have the big cultural monopolists used the fear created by new technologies, specifically the Internet, to shrink the public domain of ideas, even as the same corporations use the same technologies to control more and more what we can and can't do with culture. As more and more culture becomes digitized, more and more becomes controllable, even as laws are being toughened at the behest of the big media groups. What's at stake is our freedom-freedom to create, freedom to build, and ultimately, freedom to imagine.

Covers the development of helicopters from a concept in the mind of da Vinci to the first successful machines in the early 1900s to the latest tilt-rotor designs. It is a story of constant innovation, as designers answered the concerns of military planners with more maneuverable, more capable rotorcraft.

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The scale-space conference series dates back to the NSF/ESPRIT transatlantic collaboration on "geometry-driven diffusion" A993-1996). This collaboration led to a series of very successful workshops followed by a PhD summer school on Gaussian Scale-Space Theory in Copenhagen, in the spring of 1996. The follow- following year, the First International Conference on Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision (Utrecht, July, 1997) was held. The series of international conferences has now grown to three. As was the case for the Second International Confer- Conference (Corfu, September 1999), the 2001 conference was affiliated with the ICCV as one of its several workshops. Entitled the "Workshop on Scale-Space and Morphology", the purpose of the conference was to encourage the exchange of information and to foster interactions among researchers in scale-space theory in computer vision and mathematical morphology. With the publication of these proceedings, we feel that our purposes have been accomplished.

Gaussian Scale-Space Theory in Copenhagen, in spring 1996. After this, Bart ter Haar Romeny arranged the First International Conference on Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision (Utrecht, July 2-4, 1997). Indeed the title was ap- appropriate since this was the first scale-space conference in a series of so far two conferences. We feel very confident that the series will be much longer. We hope that the scheduling next to ICCV '99 will attract more delegates furthering the integration of scale-space theories into computer vision.

Few airplanes have remained in active service as long as the B-52, which is slated to stay in operation through the turn of the century. Originally designed as a long-range nuclear bomber, the B-52 has seen service in Vietnam and the Gulf War, where its long range and massive bomb load were complemented by the ability to accommodate air-launched missiles. The authors provide several accounts from B-52 pilots and coverage of this magnificent airplane's design and continuing development. Two hunted photographs help document the Stratofortress' distinguished career.

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Монография содержит изложение современных представлений о процессах в верхней атмосфере и магнитосфере в период геомагнитных возмущений. В книге рассмотрены различные проявления суббурь по данным наземных и спутниковых измерений. Приводятся различные теории, объясняющие особенности развития магнитосферных суббурь. Книга представляет большой интерес для широкого круга ученых, работающих в различных областях геофизики и исследования космического пространства.

В настоящей книге рассматриваются проблемы современной теории шахмат, базирующейся на основном законе развития шахматной партии - законе взаимодействия сил (фигур и пешек). Предлагаемые решения этих проблем представляют собой результат многолетних исследований и личной практики автора как шахматного мастера. Использованы также опыт преподавания шахмат в Государственном институте физической культуры имени П.Ф. Лесгафта (Ленинград) и практика работы в Центральной научно-исследовательском институте физической культуры (Москва).

Выпуск «Алгебра. Топология. Геометрия. 1967» содержит 5 статей в основном освещающих результаты работ, прореферированных в РЖ «Математика» за 1964-1967 годы. Две статьи посвящены вопросам алгебры: Цаленко М. С, Шульгейфер Е. Г., «Категории» (продолжение статьи, опубликованной в выпуске «Алгебра. Топология. 1962»); Демушкин С. П., «Теория полей классов. Расширение полей». В разделе геометрии публикуется три статьи: Близникас В. И., «Пространства Финслера и их обобщения»; Широков А. П., «Структуры на дифференцируемых многообразиях» и Барановский Е. П., «Упаковки, покрытия, разбиения и некоторые другие расположения в пространствах постоянной кривизны».

Книга представляет собой учебник по объединенному курсу аналитической геометрии и линейной алгебры для университетов. Наряду с традиционной тематикой книга содержит основные сведения из многомерной аналитической геометрии, включая аффинную классификацию гиперповерхностей второго порядка. Кроме того, в книге излагаются простейшие понятия геометрии n-мерного проективного пространства.