Describes the bond valence model, and shows how it can be applied to synthetic and solution chemistry. This book emphasizes the separate roles of the constraints of chemistry and of three-dimensional space by analysing the chemistry of solids. Many applications of the model in physics, materials science, chemistry, and more are reviewed.

Daniel Byman's hard-hitting and articulate book is the first to study countries that support terrorist groups. Focusing primarily on sponsors from the Middle East and South Asia, it examines the different types of support that states provide, their motivations, and the impact of such sponsorship. The book also considers regimes that allow terrorists to raise money and recruit without providing active support. The experiences of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Libya are detailed here, alongside the histories of radical groups such as al-Qaida, Hizbullah and Hamas

The study of international law has, in some ways, undergone dramatic changes over the past centuries, but it has also stayed remarkably the same. The subject matter with international legal components has expanded dramatically and the depth of international law’s reach has also increased. Froman early reliance on theological writings and natural law, international law has evolved substantially to include a variety of sources for rules, most notably custom and treaties. Early international law focused extensively on the territory of states and the regulation of the use of armed force.

Vol.1 : Chronology A - D. - 642 p.

Vol. 1 : A - E. - 424 p.

This book, written for fellow peacemakers and peace campaigners around the world, is therefore not only a study but also an argument: my small but necessary contribution to what I see as the daunting but all-too-urgent project of global transformation – the fundamental change so desperately needed by humanity and our planet. Unless we take a more radical approach, we shall not get beyond fire-fighting and the seemingly endless task of reconstruction. Unless we transform the way we think about conflict, human relationships, and what it is to be successful, our very life as a species is under threat. Our field is going through a time of intensive self-scrutiny.6 The phase that began with the Soviet collapse has ended. For too many years we were caught up in the calamitous policies and actions that followed the events of 11 September 2001 in the US, and there were signs that a new Cold War was beginning. Then the advent of a new US president brought new hope. Our field can be credited with many important achievements, which should be recognised and set out. The value of its work will continue. At the same time, we have come to recognise our limitations.

Le premier enseignement d’une perspective pluridisciplinaire, ici celle du droit et de l’économie, tient dans la mise en évidence non pas tant de disputes autour des définitions, forme déjà affinée de la discussion, mais de la façon dont chaque discipline utilise dans un sens qui est le sien un vocable, perspective naturelle, en pensant qu’il s’agit d’un sens commun, conception moins perspicace, écartant au contraire tout débat. Il apparaît ainsi que le droit et l’économie ne visent pas la même chose lorsque la notion d’engagement est évoquée, alors même que chacun croît rendre compte de l’ensemble de la réalité.

Vol. 1. - 341 p.

Access Device Fraud and Related Financial Crimes offers front-line exposure. It is a reference text that affords the student, financial investigator or law enforcement professional a true insight into a wide spectrum of criminal activity involving financial crimes. This book brings the reader back to the scene of cases in which the intensity and magnitude of the schemes presented a real challenge to the prowess of skilled investigators. It explores what makes financial crime the preferred crime and the means of successfully investigating them. Thorough in their approach, yet easy to understand, the authors offer information on every facet of this complex criminal activity. With everything from the roles different law enforcement parties play in investigation, through recent technological advancements in encryption, to useful resources that are available for investigation, Access Device Fraud and Related Financial Crimes offers a one-stop resource for solving financial crime.

This volume brings together some of the best recent work by philosophers and legal theorists on the conceptual and normative grounding of international criminal law. Philosophers and other theorists are only just beginning to write about the emerging field of international criminal law. International law has taken a significant turn in recent years. Rather than being primarily concerned with the relations of states, one significant branch of international law – namely, international criminal law – now concerns the relations of individuals, specifically, the responsibility of individuals for mass atrocities. As with any such change, there are many questions and problems that arise. In our book, we begin with considerations of the conflict between state sovereignty and universal jurisdiction; examine thorny issues raised when the victims or the perpetrators of international crimes are groups or corporations; proceed through various specific questions related to justice and human rights; and conclude with chapters on how international criminal trials should be seen in terms of theories of punishment and reconciliation. Throughout, these chapters relate thinking in political philosophy, ethics, and jurisprudence to cases and issues in the practice of international criminal law

The subject of economic regulation has become more important in the study of economics over the last 30 years because of important advances in theory and because of major changes in public policy, which have led to the privatization of a number of state-owned, monopoly industries and the introduction of competition. This has been occurring in both advanced and developing economies and, most strikingly, in the former command economies of Central and Eastern Europe. Growing concerns about ‘global warming’ have sparked off theoretical and policy initiatives related to environmental regulation; while development economics places emphasis on the importance of regulatory ‘institutions’ in explaining impediments to sustained economic growth.

This volume introduces law students to the international legal instruments and case law governing the substantive and procedural dimensions of international human rights and humanitarian law, including economic, social, and cultural rights. It also discusses the history and organizational structure of human rights and humanitarian law enforcement mechanisms. Relevant to U.S. audiences, a chapter is devoted to the issues surrounding the incorporation of international law into U.S. law, including principles of constitutional and statutory interpretation, conflict rules, and the self-execution doctrine. Questions & Comments sections provide critical analyses of issues raised in the materials.

With the considerable advances made in the quality of sensors on board commercial observation satellites, information gained from them not only became widely available, but very useful for the verification of a number of arms control treaties including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (the NPT). Satellites have begun to play an important role in the safeguards procedures under the NPT. For example, from satellites, nuclear facilities and activities such as the construction and shapes of buildings (including underground activities), plant expansion, and changes in operational status can be monitored. For an effective use of satellite imagery, it is important to determine identifiable signatures related to nuclear facilities that could be used in the interpretation and verification of activities. The book presents studies on visual and computer-based interpretation of remote sensing data for international safeguards purposes.

The first things you should know about Common Gateway Interface (CGI) are what it is and why it is used. CGI is a standard whose specification defines a way for Web servers to communicate with external programs, and vice versa, so that the external program can generate HTML, images, or whatever, and have the server treat it the same as HTML, images, and so on not generated by an external program. The reason CGI is used is so you can generate dynamic content with the same ease that you generate static content. CGI is used because it is a very well defined and supported standard, and without CGI, dynamic content would have been impossible without proprietary server methods (now, there are alternatives to CGI that are becoming standard). There are many useful applications of CGI programs. But, as with every other technology, CGI programs have their limits. Also, as with many other technologies, it is not always the best way to do things. For this reason, this chapter will go over what CGI programs can and cannot do, and what CGI based apps are good and bad for. For comparison's sake, I use Java as the applet language.