Кн. 2. - 752 с.

Страшная катастрофа, постигшая нашу страну в 1941 году, до сих пор хранит множество безответных вопросов о ее причинах и виновниках. Не в последнюю очередь потому, что под грифом секретности долгие годы, и при Сталине и после него, оставались документы советского политического и военного руководства. Из десяти тысяч выявленных документов в это издание вошли свыше 600 наиболее важных и интересных. Книга первая документы с июня 1940 года по март 1941 года, книга вторая апрель 1941 года 22 июня 1941 года. Во вторую книгу вошли также документы за июнь декабрь 1941 года, а также (в приложении) ряд материалов за 1933-40 гг., важных для оценки событий начального периода Великой Отечественной войны. В сборнике опубликованы документы из секретных архивов ЦК ВКП(б) и Совнаркома СССР, высших военных ведомств и разведывательных служб, различных наркоматов (министерств) СССР, значительная часть которых предается гласности впервые. Они дают возможность для изучения и понимания трагических событий 1941 года, преодоления создававшихся годами легенд и ошибочных представлений о том периоде нашей истории.

Збірник цей ювілейний – присвячений 65-літтю Акту відновлення державності 30 червня 1941 року у Львові та його прозірливим творцям на чолі з Головою Українського Державного Правління (УДП) Ярославом Стецьком, який 20 років тому упокоївся в Мюнхені.

Slavery is illegal throughout the world, yet more than twenty-seven million people are still trapped in one of history's oldest social institutions. Kevin Bales's disturbing story of slavery today reaches from brick kilns in Pakistan and brothels in Thailand to the offices of multinational corporations. His investigation of conditions in Mauritania, Brazil, Thailand, Pakistan, and India reveals the tragic emergence of a "new slavery," one intricately linked to the global economy. The new slaves are not a long-term investment as was true with older forms of slavery, explains Bales. Instead, they are cheap, require little care, and are disposable. Three interrelated factors have helped create the new slavery. The enormous population explosion over the past three decades has flooded the world's labor markets with millions of impoverished, desperate people. The revolution of economic globalization and modernized agriculture has dispossessed poor farmers, making them and their families ready targets for enslavement. And rapid economic change in developing countries has bred corruption and violence, destroying social rules that might once have protected the most vulnerable individuals. Bales's vivid case studies present actual slaves, slaveholders, and public officials in well-drawn historical, geographical, and cultural contexts. He observes the complex economic relationships of modern slavery and is aware that liberation is a bitter victory for a child prostitute or a bondaged miner if the result is starvation. Bales offers suggestions for combating the new slavery and provides examples of very positive results from organizations such as Anti-Slavery International, the Pastoral Land Commission in Brazil, and the Human Rights Commission in Pakistan. He also calls for researchers to follow the flow of raw materials and products from slave to marketplace in order to effectively target campaigns of "naming and shaming" corporations linked to slavery. Disposable People is the first book to point the way to abolishing slavery in today's global economy.

Asia and the Middle East examines crisis areas in the nations of the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. This set applies a broad definition to "Middle East" to encompass the predominantly Muslim nations of both the eastern Mediterranean region and North Africa. This definition corresponds closely with the U.S. State Department's definition of "Near East." The thirty-four articles in World Conflicts: Asia and the Middle East are updated versions of articles that appeared in Salem Press's World Conflicts and Confrontations. Two of the articles cover broad regions (Middle East and Asia); the rest cover individual nations. Designed to meet the needs of students, faculty, and others seeking clear explanations of and background to what has been going on in the region's many troubled countries, the set identifies the "hot spots" and offers in-depth analyses of the countries facing difficult and dangerous problems that are of vital concern to the entire world.

Vol. 2 : L-Z. - 468 p.

A window on the people and culture of the Middle East, the Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa illuminates the lives of the most influential and controversial figures in the region who came to prominence during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It includes more than 300 alphabetically arranged profiles of contemporary leaders who belong to various political, ethnic, and religious groups, as well as notable individuals associated with business, law, science, social issues, sports, entertainment, literature, and the fine and performing arts not well covered in other encyclopedias. Features include sidebars, a timeline, maps and portraits, along with subject, nationality and ethnicity indexes.

The Balkans has long been a place of encounter among different peoples, religions, and civilizations, resulting in a rich cultural tapestry and mosaic of nationalities. But it has also been burdened by a traumatic post-colonial experience. The transition from traditional multinational empires to modern nation-states has been accompanied by large-scale political violence that has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands and the permanent displacement of millions more. Mark Biondich examines the origins of these conflicts, while treating the region as an integral part of modern European history, shaped by much the same forces and intellectual impulses. It reminds us that political violence and ethnic cleansing have scarcely been unique to the Balkans. As Biondich shows, the political violence that has bedevilled the region since the late nineteenth century stemmed from modernity and the ideology of integral nationalism, employed by states that were dominated by democratizing or authoritarian nationalizing elites committed to national homogeneity. Throughout this period, the Balkan proponents of democratic governance, civil society, and multiculturalism were progressively marginalized. The history of revolution, war, political violence, and ethnic cleansing in the modern Balkans is above all the story of this tragic marginalization.

My introduction, which considers Shaw’s copious intellectual debts, offers critical readings of Manand Superman, Major Barbara, Pygmalion, and Saint Joan, in the hope of arriving at a freshly balanced estimate both of Shaw’s limitations and of his varied achievement as a comic melodramatist. John A. Bertolini marks Saint Joan as a new phase in Shaw’s preoccupation with the workings of the imagination, after which Jean Reynolds borrows Eric Bentley’s phrase “Shavian inclusiveness” to explore elements of postmodernism in the plays. Celia Marshik traces Pygmalion’s long journey to the page and stage, locating the comedy within the context of turn-of-the-century purity movements. Stuart E. Baker identifies Major Barbara as containing the fullest expression of Shavian philosophy and dramatic method. Lagretta Tallent Lenker considers Shaw’s varied and contradictory ideas about war, followed by Jan McDonald’s appraisal of Shaw’s views of art and artists as expressed in the plays. Michael Goldman grapples with the relationship between style and ideology in the plays and the influence of Shaw’s evolving critical reputation. Emil Roy concludes the volume by comparing the implosive comedy of Heartbreak House with Pinter’s The Homecoming.

Despite the rhetoric, the people of Sub-Saharan Africa are become poorer. From Tony Blair's Africa Commission, the G7 finance ministers' debt relief, the Live 8 concerts, the Make Poverty History campaign and the G8 Gleneagles promises, to the United Nations 2005 summit and the Hong Kong WTO meeting, Africa's gains have been mainly limited to public relations. The central problems remain exploitative debt and financial relationships with the North, phantom aid, unfair trade, distorted investment and the continent's brain/skills drain. Moreover, capitalism in most African countries has witnessed the emergence of excessively powerful ruling elites with incomes derived from financial-parasitical accumulation. Without overstressing the "mistakes" of such elites, this book contextualises Africa's wealth outflow within a stagnant but volatile world economy.

The South Asian subcontinent is home to nearly a billion people and has been the site of fierce historical contestation. It is a panoply of languages and religions with a rich and complex history and culture. Drawing on the newest and most sophisticated historical research and scholarship in the field, Modern South Asia is written in an accessible style for all those with an intellectual curiosity about the region. After sketching the pre-modern history of the subcontinent, the book concentrates on the last three centuries from c.1700 to the present. Jointly written by two leading Indian and Pakistani historians, it offers a rare depth of historical understanding of the politics, cultures and economies that shape the lives of more than a fifth of humanity.

The concept of a social contract has been central to political thought since the seventeenth century. Contract theory has been used to justify political authority, to account for the origins of the state, and to provide foundations for moral values and the creation of a just society.In The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls, leading scholars from Britain and America survey the history of contractarian thought and the major debates in political theory which surround the notion of social contract. The book examines the critical reception to the ideas of thinkers including Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel and Marx, and includes the more contemporary ideas of John Rawls and David Gauthier. It also incorporates discussions of international relations theory and feminist responses to contractarianism. Together, the essays provide a comprehensive introduction to theories and critiques of social contract, within a broad political theoretical framework.

When a popular revolt forced long-ruling Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to resign on February 11, 2011, U.S. President Barack Obama hailed the victory of peaceful demonstrators in the heart of the Arab World. But Washington was late to endorse democracy - for decades the United States favored Egypt's rulers over its people. Since 1979, the United States had provided the Egyptian regime more than $60 billion in aid and immeasurable political support to secure its main interests in the region: Israeli security and strong relations with Persian Gulf oil producers. During the Egyptian uprising, the White House did not promote popular sovereignty but instead backed an "orderly transition" to one of Mubarak's cronies. Even after protesters derailed that plan, the anti-democratic U.S.-Egyptian alliance continued. Using untapped primary materials, this book helps explain why authoritarianism has persisted in Egypt with American support, even as policy makers claim to encourage democratic change.