This book is dedicated to all scientists who have been willing to follow the data and acknowledge that phenomena do exist—even at the risk of their careers. On July 20, 2010, Dr. Dean Judd died unexpectedly, and thus I can now publicly acknowledge his involvement. For many years he was one of my closest confidants and his support is evident in many places in this book. Dean served the nation as the Chief Scientist of SDI (Star Wars), the National Intelligence Officer for Science and Technology, a member of the U.S. Air Force Science Advisory Board, and Senior Fellow at Los Alamos National Lab. He was a true skeptic. We served together on several advisory boards, and often discussed matters on national security at great length. On UFOs he asked tough questions while providing key insights into the U.S. space architecture. He was one of many people who noted there was absolutely no connection between SDI and preparing to fight ET.

This volume assembles recent perspectives and fresh approaches in the field of criminology. It gives an overview of new paths that criminologists take to meet the challenges of social dynamics in different fields of the discipline. Scholars of criminology and sociol-legal studies have contributed to the volume thus furthering an integrative and complex perspective on crime and control. This volume includes the papers from a conference that took place at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law at Onati, Spain, from 23 to 24 October 1997. The VW-Foundation in Germany generously funded the conference. We are in particular indebted to Dr Hagen Hof of the VW-Foundation for his advice and support. We owe further thanks to the staff of the International Institute at Onati, especially Mrs Malen Gordoa, who all contributed to the perfect organisation and the inspiring atmosphere of the workshop.

Vol. 1 : A - M. - 1- 518 pp.

Striking a careful balance between mathematical rigor and engineering-oriented applications, this textbook aims to maximize the readers' understanding of both the mathematical and engineering aspects of control theory. The bedrock elements of classical control theory are comprehensively covered: the Routh–Hurwitz theorem and applications, Nyquist diagrams, Bode plots, root locus plots, the design of controllers (phase-lag, phase-lead, lag-lead, and PID), and three further advanced topics: non-linear control, modern control and discrete-time control. A Mathematical Introduction to Control Theory will be an invaluable book for junior and senior level university students in engineering, particularly electrical engineering. Students with a good knowledge of algebra and complex variables will also find many interesting applications in this volume.

This book's introduction features a humorous story of a man with a line of people behind him, who explains to his boss, "I can't find an efficient algorithm, but neither can all these famous people." This man illustrates an important quality of a class of problems, namely, the NP-complete problems: if you can prove that a problem is in this class, then it has no known polynomial-time solution that is guaranteed to work in general. This quality implies that the problem is difficult to deal with in practice.

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The world's most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time--a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution.

Discrete Probability Distributions. Simulation of Discrete Probabilities. Discrete Probability Distributions. Continuous Probability Densities. Simulation of Continuous Probabilities. Continuous Density Functions.

Why write a book on phonetic transcription? After more than half a century of major advances in instrumental phonetics which have rightly taken credit for broadening and deepening our knowledge of the structure of speech, it can appear to many that symbols and transcription have had their day. What, it might be asked, can [d] ever tell us that spectrograms, palatograms and the like cannot? If traditional transcription is not to fade away or be made the amanuensis of automated forms of analysis, then a case must be made for it on the grounds that it can express something which instruments cannot. Arguments need to be put against the view that there is nothing to be gained in phonetics by listening analytically to people speaking and transcribing what we hear. Marshalling the arguments provides the opportunity not only to examine critically the aims and methods of transcription but also to think about how phonetic symbols work in relation to phonetic theory on the one hand and phonetic data on the other; to consider, that is, the manner of their semiosis. This book attempts to address these issues and to place them in the context of the historical emergence of transcriptional resources from resources for writing language, the development of phonetic theory, and their coming together to make what I refer to as proper phonetic transcription possible.

Written for an audience embracing both students being introduced to theories and terminology of literacy and specialists in the field, the A-Z entries fall into five categories. The first and most numerous covers "definitions, process, influences, issues, types, and theories." The others cover "literacy assessment, literacy instruction, literacy resources and organizations, and literacy professional publications and reports." Throughout, literacy is examined not just as the capability of an individual to read and write but also as a dynamic force in society. Entries such as Gender and writing, Literacy and culture, Social nature of literacy, and Television and reading demonstrate literacy's inseparability from the society in which it functions. So, too, do articles on forms of expression that express social trends; these include Comics, Graffiti, and Instant messaging. The great majority, however, treat concepts and terms related to the study, acquisition, and teaching of literacy. These include Ebonics, Fluency, Reading clinics, Spelling, and Writing assessment. Complementary articles treat both sides of controversial issues such as the phonics-whole language debate.

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