Experience the best of the Czech and Slovak Republics with Lonely Planet. With our 6th edition you'll discover atmospheric castles on green hilltops, marvel at centuries of architectural majesty in Prague, ski down pristine slopes in the Tatras andrelax with a glass of crips, golden beer in historic Plzen. Lonely Planet guides are written by experts who get to the heart of every destination they visit. This fully updated edition is packed with accurate, practical and honest advice, designed togive you the information you need to make the most of your trip. In This Guide: Tailored itineraries to help you plan your trip. Color highlights chapter showcasing the top sights and activities. Outdoors chapter tells you where to cycle, hike and ski.

The story of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan is well known: the expansionist Communists overwhelmed a poor country as a means of reaching a warm-water port on the Persian Gulf. Afghan mujahideen upset their plans, holding on with little more than natural fighting skills, until CIA agents came to the rescue with American arms. Humiliated in battle, the Soviets hastily retreated. It is a great story-but it never happened. In this brilliant, myth-busting account, Rodric Braithwaite, the former British ambassador to Moscow, challenges much of what we know about the Soviets in Afghanistan. He provides an inside look at this little-understood episode, using first-hand accounts and piercing analysis to show the war as it was fought and experienced by the Russians. The invasion was a defensive response to a chaotic situation in the Soviets' immediate neighbor. They intended to establish a stable, friendly government, secure the major towns, and train the police and armed forces before making a rapid exit. But the mission escalated, as did casualties. Braithwaite does not paint the occupation as a Russian triumph. To the contrary, he illustrates the searing effect of the brutal conflict on soldiers, their families, and the broader public, as returning veterans struggled to regain their footing back home. Now available in paperback, Braithwaite carries readers through these complex and momentous events, capturing those violent and tragic days as no one has done before.

Central Asia, known as the home of Tamerlane and the Silk Road, is a crossroads of great cultures and civilizations. In 1991 five new nations at the heart of the region--Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan--suddenly became independent. Today they sit strategically between Russia, China and Iran and hold some of the world's largest deposits of oil and natural gas. Ethnic and national identities formerly suppressed now find expression in language, religion, the arts, new international alignments and, occasionally, severe civil conflicts. In the decades ahead what kind of societies will the 50+ million people living in this very-old-and-very-new part of the world create? Single party secular states, Islamic republics, market democracies--something else? Civil Society in Central Asia is a pathbreaking collection of essays by scholars and activists that looks at some of the social and institutional developments which are shaping this important region's future. Are institutions emerging which create the foundations of a democratic order? As the essays suggest, trends are contradictory and not the same for each country. This timely book matches contributions by leading specialists such as S. Frederick Starr, Olivier Roy, Aziz Niyazi, Scott Horton, Alla Kazakina, Abdumannob Polat, and Reuel Hanks with the insights of individuals who have been on the front lines of the struggle for civil society in Central Asia itself--representatives of organizations such as Counterpart, Internews, and the Kazakstan International Bureau for Human Rights. Topics addressed are as diverse as the legal framework for independent associational activity, grassroots movements for environmental protection, the resurgence of Islam and the viability of the Soviet-era collective farms. A 75-page appendix provides a guide to many of the most significant projects being carried out by local and international NGOs in the region.

For the purposes of this Report, Central America comprises the seven nations of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama - excluding Mexico. This study was undertaken by the Research and Analysis Section of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the framework of the project "Illicit Market Studies"(GLO/H93). The lead researcher and author is Theodore Leggett. Funding for this study was provided by the Government of France. The translation of this document was facilitated by the UNODC Regional Office for Mexico and Central America. The description and classification of countries and territories in this publication and the arrangement of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not been formally edited or translated.

In a region of violent physical and cultural contrasts, Costa Rica is often easy to overlook. Among the six small countries of Central America, it tends not to make the news very often. Costa Rica is not the Central American country with the famous U.S.-built canal and the corrupt military dictator overthrown by U.S. armed forces in 1991. It is not the one ruled by Marxists for most of the 1980s and with whom the U.S. waged a small proxy war. It is not the one that suffered through nearly 35 years of a civil war that has only recently ended. The natural disasters associated with Central America–hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions–also seem to happen elsewhere in the region, just across the border in Nicaragua or to the south in Panama. In 2000, Hurricane Mitch, for example, killed thousands of people in Central America and devastated much of the banana industry in Guatemala,Honduras, and Nicaragua, but it spared Costa Rica. Is Costa Rica lucky? In part, this may be the case. Major tropical storms and hurricanes in the Caribbean Basin usually strike just to the north of Costa Rica. The country’s history certainly reveals some lucky decision-making. For instance, the first Spanish colonists avoided settlement close to the country’s active volcanoes; this was not the case in other parts of the region. It is also true that Costa Rica has worked to avoid the mistakes made by its neighbors. While international attention has focused on the plight and misery of its neighbors,Costa Rica has quietly worked to develop democratic institutions and a sense of national identity that makes it exceptional, not just in the context of Central America but throughout the world. As the civil wars and political problems of the region seem to be coming to an end in the twenty-first century (due in part to efforts that began in Costa Rica), the country is emerging from the shadow of its violent neighbors. The world is finally recognizing Costa Rica as a natural wonderland and as a political model for stability and peace.

“The land where the rainbow begins.” This is how the traditional Mayan people of Guatemala describe their country. A land of striking and sometimes violent contrasts,Guatemala’s vivid colors reflect a varied land and a people with ancient roots. The colors of this land are echoed in the hues of traje, the traditional costume of the Mayans. Ancient and contemporary weavers dye their hand-woven cotton the same dark orange and red tones as molten lava from the country’s volcanoes. Luxuriant greens of the rain forest are duplicated in depictions of the Resplendent Quetzal. The iridescent green, red, and white feathers of this tropical bird have symbolized the land since ancient times. Other depictions of ancient life and symbols use the blue of Lake Atitlán, a mountain lake that English author Aldous Huxley called the most beautiful place in the world. Outside the spectrum of rainbow colors are found the black volcanic sands of the Pacific coast and the bleached chalk white colors of the lost cities of the Maya. So close to North America, yet so distant in many ways, Guatemala is home both to modern culture and to one of the world’s most ancient civilizations. The effects of globalization and reverence for the ancient god Quetzalcoatl coexist somewhat uncomfortably here. Its natural beauty and cultural richness are appealing, but Guatemala has another face as well. It is a place of recent civil war and ongoing political and economic turmoil. Ethnic bitterness and social inequality are not uncommon. Ruled by military dictatorships for most of the past hundred years, the country only now is transitioning from repressive tyranny to uneasy democracy. Guatemala is one of the original “banana republics,” a derisive term for Central American countries long dependent on agricultural exports to the United States. It is a fact that much of the country’s infrastructure—its railroad, telegraph lines, and ports—was built and controlled by U.S. interests, principally the United Fruit Company. Like its Mayan heritage, this aspect of the country’s past is still alive as well. Despite economic advances of the last five years, Guatemala is still dependent on banana, coffee, and sugarcane production for most of its export revenue.

To configure and maintain an operating system is serious business. With UNIX and its wide variety of "flavors," it can be especially difficult and frustrating, and networking with UNIX adds still more challenges.UNIX Administration: A Comprehensive Sourcebook for Effective Systems & Network Management is a one-stop handbook for the administration and maintenance of UNIX systems and networks. With an outstanding balance of concepts and practical matters, it covers the entire range of administrative tasks,from the most basic to the advanced, from system startup and shutdown to network security and kernel reconfiguration. While focusing on the primary UNIX platforms, the author discusses all of the most common UNIX "flavors," including Solaris, Linux, HP-UX, AIX and SGI IRIX. Three chapters of case studies offer a practical look at UNIX implementation issues: UNIX installation, disk space upgrade, and several emergency situations that every administrator must expect to face at some point.Diverse yet detailed, filled with examples and specific procedures, this is the one book that both the novice and the seasoned professional need to learn UNIX administration and effectively perform their daily system and network-related duties.

Т. 1 : ред. О. Толочко, Н. Яковенко, Г. В. Боряк, Я. Д. Ісаєвич, Я. Пеленський, С. М. Плохій. - 1992. - 123 с.

The preparation of this report would not have been possible without the data and information reported by governments to UNODC and other international organizations. UNODC is particularly thankful to government and law enforcement officials met in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda while undertaking research. Special thanks go to all the UNODC staff members - at headquarters and field offices - who reviewed various sections of this report. The research team also gratefully acknowledges the information, advice and comments provided by a range of officials and experts, including those from the United Nations Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, MONUSCO (including the UN Police and JMAC), IPIS, Small Arms Survey, Partnership Africa Canada, the Polé Institute, ITRI and many others. Financial support for this study was provided by the Governments of Sweden (through the UNODC Integrated Programme and Oversight Branch) and Canada.

The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organization of landscapes, settlements, and economies reached a new level of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household, economy, and settlement in three microregions: the Mediterranean (Sicily), central Europe (Hungary), and northern Europe (south Scandinavia). The results are based on ten years of fieldwork employing similar documentation, and scientific analyses were used in each of the regional studies, making controlled comparisons possible. The new evidence demonstrates how differences in settlement organization and household economies were counterbalanced by similarities in the organized use of the landscape in an economy dominated by the herding of large flocks of sheep and cattle. The eight chapters in this book provide a new, contextualized understanding of the social and economic complexity of the Bronze Age. Its innovative theoretical and methodological approaches are of relevance to all researchers of landscape and settlement history.

Covers CIA terms, operations, and people including the Bay of Pigs, Operation IVY BELLS, mind-control drug testing, and Robert Philip Hanssen. Providing a reference for both casual readers and researchers, this volume contains more than 500 A-to-Z listings describing key CIA terms, players, equipment, operations, parallel organizations, and portrayals of the CIA in film, television, and fiction. The listings vary from several paragraphs to several pages in length and are cross referenced. Smith (a former Marine whose writing has appeared in USA Today and Business Week) includes an introduction surveying the history of American intelligence back to the colonial era. Listings include Bay of Pigs, Hoover Commissions, mind-control drug testing, sleeper agent, William Colby, and roll-out.

The events of 1989 that brought an end to the so-called East Bloc may have increased women's opportunities to write and publish, or at least changed the circumstances under which they do so. Still writing from a certain historical and cultural margin, these women from East Central Europe have begun to explore a new freedom whose fruits are displayed to exhilarating effect in this book-a freedom to experiment, to innovate, to create a literature uniquely expressive of their world. This volume for the first time allows English-speaking readers to discover the pleasures of these women's writing. A rich compendium of fiction by twenty-five women from eighteen different nations ranging from Lithuania to Ukraine to Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, Albania, and Slovenia, The Third Shore brings to light a whole spectrum of women's literary accomplishment and experience virtually unknown in the West. Gracefully translated, and with an introduction that establishes their political, historical, and literary context, these stories written in the decade after the fall of the Iron Curtain are tales of the familiar-of illness and death, love and desire, motherhood and war, feminism, and patriarchy-reconceived and turned into something altogether new by the distinctive experience they reflect.

The CultureShock! series is a dynamic and indispensable range of guides for those travelers who are looking to truly understand the countries they are visiting. Each title explains the customs, traditions, social and business etiquette in a lively and informative style. CultureShock! authors, all of whom have experienced the joys and pitfalls of cultural adaptation, are ideally placed to provide warm and informative advice to those who seek to integrate seamlessly into diverse cultures. Each CultureShock! book contains insights into local culture and traditions, advice on adapting into the local environment, linguistic help, and how to get the most out of your travel experience

Финальный турнир XVII первенства СССР проводился в Москве в помещении Центрального дома культуры железнодорожников с 16 октября по 19 ноября 1949 года. К персонально приглашенным гроссмейстерам И.Болеславскому, Д.Бронштейну, П.Кересу, А.Котову, А.Лилиенталю, В.Рагозину, В.Смыслову и С.Флору добавились победители полуфиналов: гроссмейстер Г. Левенфиш и молодые мастера Л.Аронин, Е.Геллер, Г. Гольдберг, Н.Копылов, В.Люблинский, В.Микенас, Т.Петросян, А.Сокольский, М.Тайманов, С.Фурман и Р.Холмов. После 5-ти туров с 4,5 очками уверенно лидировал Смыслов. Скромно начал турнир Бронштейн, после 6-ти туров он, имея всего 3 очка, делил 9-13-е место! Накануне последнего тура у Геллера - 12,5 очков, у Смыслова и Бронштейна - по 12. Поражение Геллера в последнем туре белыми в партии с Холмовым и победы Бронштейна и Смыслова решили спор о победителях соревнования. Читатель найдёт в сборнике все 190 партий финального турнира XVII первенства СССР. 83 из них даются с подробными комментариями. В сборнике также статьи А.С. Прорвича "XVII первенство СССР", М.М. Ботвинника "Лучшие партии XVII первенства СССР", Ю.Л. Авербаха "Дебюты XVII первенства СССР".

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Збірник містить матеріали про життя та діяльність гетьмана України Івана Мазепи. Він призначений для редакторів ЗМІ, заступників голів райдержадміністрацій та голів міських рад міст обласного значення з гуманітарних питань, сільських і селищних голів, державних службовців та посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування, працівників закладів освіти і культури, всіх, хто цікавиться історією України та рідного краю.