This book grew out of a conference organized by the German Historical Institute (GHI) on May 23-5, 1996, iii Berlin. For three days, thirty-five scholars from n\ne countries became acht-und-sechziger (sixty-eighters), not on the streets and barricades but in lively debate over the events and significance of the momentous year 1968. This book consists of revised versions of many of the original papers as well as entirely new essays that complement our overall theme. I thank all of the authors and also those who participated in the conference but whose work could not be included here. I am grateful to Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich (Free University Berlin), Luisa Passerini (European University Institute, Florence), Keith A. Reader (University of Newcastle), and Dieter Rucht (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin) for chairing the various sessions and for guiding us through spirited discussions. In Berlin, the Wissenschaftszentrum afforded a comfortable setting for three days of intensive debate. I thank Friedheim Neidhardt, the center'sdirector, and his dedicated staff - Birgit Hahn, Britta Heinrich, Ilse Kischlat, Dietmar Kremser, and Burckhard Wiebe - for hosting the conference and helping with its organization. Dieter Senoner of the mayor's office kindly welcomed us to Berlin at a reception at the Rotes Rathaus. Anneke de Rudder, who took us on a "1968 Walking Tour" through the German capital, gave us the opportunity to visit the key sites of that historic year.At the GHI, I thank Barbel Bernhardt, Christa Brown, Dieter Schneider, and Barbel Thomas - all of whom were involved in the organization before, during, and after the conference. Pamela Abraham tracked down the copyrights for the illustrations and assisted in assembling the manuscript. Daniel S. Mattern, the series editor at the Institute, deserves a special note of appreciation for guiding us through the difficult process of publishing this collection and for preparing a readable, clear, and concise manuscript. Frank Smith, the executive editor for social sciences at Cambridge University Press, took great interest in this project from the begin-IX X Preface ning and helped bring about its final shape. Further, I thank the two anonymous readers for their very useful critical evaluations of the manuscript. Finally, I thank my two coeditors. Carole Fink provided the original plan, which she presented to me at another GHI conference, in Berkeley, California, in May 1994. In subsequent discussions, we discovered that "1968" is a particularly well-suited topic for understanding the intellectual challenges that increasing global interdependence poses to historians of the twentieth century. We were later joined by Philipp Gassert, who worked with us to organize the conference and edit the book. I shall miss these last three and a half years of spirited collaboration among three very engaged historians. The topic of this book dovetails nicely with the efforts of the GHI in Washington to promote comparative research. In fact, most of the four to five international conferences the Institute rganizes annually are based on this perspective, comparing events, ideas, and structures in the United States and Europe. At times we have even taken a global perspective, with 1968: The World Traniformed being a case in point. In this age of globalization, historians should also become global players - at least mentally.

As the application of object technology--particularly the Java programming language--has become commonplace, a new problem has emerged to confront the software development community. Significant numbers of poorly designed programs have been created by less-experienced developers, resulting in applications that are inefficient and hard to maintain and extend. Increasingly, software system professionals are discovering just how difficult it is to work with these inherited, "non-optimal" applications. For several years, expert-level object programmers have employed a growing collection of techniques to improve the structural integrity and performance of such existing software programs. Referred to as "refactoring," these practices have remained in the domain of experts because no attempt has been made to transcribe the lore into a form that all developers could use. . .until now. In Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Software, renowned object technology mentor Martin Fowler breaks new ground, demystifying these master practices and demonstrating how software practitioners can realize the significant benefits of this new process. With proper training a skilled system designer can take a bad design and rework it into well-designed, robust code. In this book, Martin Fowler shows you where opportunities for refactoring typically can be found, and how to go about reworking a bad design into a good one. Each refactoring step is simple--seemingly too simple to be worth doing. Refactoring may involve moving a field from one class to another, or pulling some code out of a method to turn it into its own method, or even pushing some code up or down a hierarchy. While these individual steps may seem elementary, the cumulative effect of such small changes can radically improve the design. Refactoring is a proven way to prevent software decay. In addition to discussing the various techniques of refactoring, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Software provides a detailed catalog of more than seventy proven refactorings with helpful pointers that teach you when to apply them; step-by-step instructions for applying each refactoring; and an example illustrating how the refactoring works. The illustrative examples are written in Java, but the ideas are applicable to any object-oriented programming language.

Wavelet theory originated from research activities in many areas of science and engineering. As a result, it finds applications in a wide range of practical problems. Wavelet techniques are specifically suited for nonstationary signals for which classic Fourier methods are ineffective. Based on courses taught by the authors at Texas A&M University as well as related conferences, Fundamentals of Wavelets is a textbook offering an up-to-date engineering approach to wavelet theory. It balances a discussion of wavelet theory and algorithms with its far-ranging practical applications in signal processing, image processing, electromagnetic wave scattering, and boundary value problems.

A one-to-one correspondence is established between Fourier transforms of ultradistribution semigroups in the sense of Beurling and some class of pseudoresolvents characterized by conditions concerning their domains of existence and growth

Intended for undergraduates, this text covers those area of process control that all chemical engineers need to know. Analysis of closed loop dynamics in the time, Laplace, frequency and sample-data domains are covered. Designing simple regulatory control systems for multivariable processes are also discussed. The practical aspects of process control are presented: sizing control valves, tuning controllers, developing control structures and considering interaction between plant design and control. The book includes many real industrial control examples and problems.

The C# & VB.NET Conversion Pocket Reference helps you easily make the switch from C# to Visual Basic .NET and vice versa. Differences between the two languages occur in three main areas: syntax, object-oriented principles, and the Visual Studio .NET IDE. A perfect companion for documents and books that don't have examples using your mastered language, this guide expects that you know one of the two languages, but does not make an assumption about which one.

У теории групп три исторических корня: теория алгебраических уравнений, теория чисел и геометрия. Математики, стоящие у истоков теории групп, — это Леонард Эйлер, Карл Фридрих Гаусс, Жозеф Луи Лагранж, Нильс Хенрик Абель и Эварист Галуа. Галуа был первым математиком, связавшим теорию групп с другой ветвью абстрактной алгебры — теорией полей, разработав теорию, ныне называемую теорией Галуа.

Design Control Systems Using Modern Technologies and Techniques Process control has increased in importance in the process industries, driven by global competition, rapidly changing economic conditions, more stringent environmental and safety regulations, and the need for more flexible yet more complex processes to manufacture high value-added products. This long-awaited second edition of Dale Seborg, Thomas Edgar, and Duncan Mellichamp's Process Dynamic and Control reflects recent changes and advances in process control theory and technology. The authors have added new topics, and enhanced the presentation with a large number of new exercises and examples, many of which utilize MATLAB and Simulink.

The subjects of this book are the transformation of national ideas, the causes of ethnic cleansing, and the conditions for national reconciliation. One theme is the contestation of territory, and contested places are known by different names to different people at different times. Another theme is the difference between history and memory, a difference revealed when care is taken with names. The body of this book will name cities between Warsaw and Moscow according to the usage of the people in question at the relevant moment. This minimizes anachronism, recalls the importance of language to nationalism, and emphasizes that the disposition of cities is never final. The gazetteer provides toponyms in eight languages in use as of this writing. The names of countries also require some attention. In this work, attributes of the medieval principality of Kyivan Rus’ are denoted by the term “Rusian.” The culture of East Slavs within the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is called “Ruthenian.” The adjective “Russian” is reserved for the Russian empire, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Russian Federation. “Ukrainian” is a geographical term in the medieval and early modern periods, and a political term in modern contexts. The use of “Belarus” signals an orientation toward local traditions; “Belorussia” suggests a belief in an integral connection with Russia. “Lithuanian” and “Polish” refer to the appropriate polities and cultures in the period in question. The historical lands of “Galicia” and “Volhynia” will be named by these Latinate English terms throughout. This book draws on archival materials; document collections; parliamentary records; ministerial memoranda; local, national, and national-minority newspapers of various countries and periods; diaries, memoirs, and correspondence; scholarly publications; other printed and unprinted sources; and interviews with civil servants, parliamentary deputies, ministers, and heads of state. Archives are cited by four-letter abbreviations, and document collections by short titles: a key is found at the back of the book. Books and articles are cited in full at first, and then by author surname and short title. Other sources are cited in full. Authors’ names are spelled as they appear in the cited work, even when this gives rise to inconsistencies of transliteration. Transliteration is the unavoidable practice of rendering words spelled in one alphabet legible in another. The Polish, Lithuanian, and Czech languages, like English, French, and German, use various orthographies within Roman script. Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Russian use various orthographies within Cyrillic script. Like translation, transliteration abounds in intractable problems: so critical readers will know that all solutions are imperfect. With certain exceptions for well-known surnames, Cyrillic script is here rendered by a simplified version of the Library of Congress system. Translations, except from Lithuanian, are my own.

Вміщені в цьому збірнику роботи присвячено дослідженню топологічних та деяких суміжних з ними властивостей графів, головним чином різним питанням укладення графів в орієнтовні 2-многовиди та дослідженню структури графів, в першу чергу графів всіх класів одної класифікації, яка належить до запропонованої тут родини класифікацій графів.

Збірник є першою науковою публікацією комплексу документів з історії міста від його заснування до наших днів. Документи відображають розвиток міста протягом століть, боротьбу його населення проти експансії іноземних феодалів і Ватікану, розвиток економіки, культури і соціальної боротьби в епоху феодалізму і капіталізму, економічні, політичні і культурні зв'язки міста з іншими містами України і Росії, вплив Великого Жовтня на піднесення революційної боротьби трудящих за соціальне і національне визволення та возз'єднання з Радянською Україною. Широко показується процес перетворення Львова у великий промисловий і культурний центр України. Для науковців, викладачів вузів і студентів, вчителів, краєзнавців.

Серед видань, присвячених історії України, пропонований читачеві навчальний посібник вирізняється як одна з перших спроб глибокого осмислення історичного минулого України з позицій досягнень гуманітарних наук кінця XX ст. Піддаючи належне давній історії, автори все ж основну увагу зосереджують на висвітленні подій і явищ XX ст., зокрема його другої половини (виклад подій у книзі завершено президентськими виборами 1994 р.). Видання позбавлене як стереотипів застійних часів, так і новітніх "патріотичних міфів", послідовно і всебічно висвітлює історію української державності, героїчної і трагічної боротьби за її утвердження, історію формування українського народу, його перетворення у сучасну націю. Для студентів вищих навчальних закладів.

Книга известных американских ученых, отражающая состояние в быстроразвивающемся направлении математической физики. В ней систематически изложены основы метода, его приложения к различным задачам, обсуждаются перспективы развития. Авторы приводят большое число задач и упражнений и обширную библиографию (более 500 названий). Для математиков и физиков различных специальностей, аспирантов и студентов университетов.

В первой части рассматриваются основные понятия и терминология.Во второй - подробно описаны практически все известные на сегодняшний день технические индикаторы, начиная от классических скользящих средних и кончая более сложными инструментами - такими как параболическая система и преобразование Фурье. Описание каждого индикатора содержит определение, правила интерпретации, пример и во многих случаях подробное объяснение процедуры расчета.

Ч. 2. - 264 с.

Сборник задач по алгебре и теории чисел с краткими теоретическими сведениями и примерами решений задач. Данное пособие включает различные тематики такие как: кольца, сравнения по модулю, индексы чисел, квадратичные вычеты и невычеты, первообразные корни, символ Лежандра, показатели чисел, функция Эйлера и т. д.

Лекции по аналитической геометрии, автора Александрова П. С., представлены для изучения учащимся старших классов, а также студентам первых курсов университетов. Также данный материал можно использовать в целях самообразования.