Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

"100 великих мыслителей" - очередная книга серии "100 великих", освещающая жизнь и творческие поиски самых известных титанов человеческой мысли. В их ряду читатели встретят Конфуция и Пифагора, Платона и Аристотеля, Маркса и Канта, Розанова и Вернадского, Фрейда и Жан-Поля Сартра.

Кл.слова:
філософія -- інтелектуали -- історія думки

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Двенадцать влиятельных философов современности, каждый из которых считается ключевой фигурой в одном из направлений различных наук: логике, этике, политической философии и других областях, — знакомят читателя со своими теориями, от самых академичных до самых дерзких. Что же такое современная философия? В каких направлениях она развивается? Как воспринимают важнейшие темы философии ее корифеи наших дней? Какие ответы находят на вечные вопросы сейчас, в начале третьего тысячелетия? Перед вами — замечательная книга, которая открывает двери в мир основных направлений "царицы наук"…

Кл.слова:
сучасна філософія -- логіка -- етика -- постмодернізм

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Представляемая строгому суду читателей книга «50 золотых идей в философии» совершенно уникальна по своему содержанию, структуре и назначению. Подготавливая данную работу к изданию, авторы не сомневались, что она найдет своего адресата. В ней собраны самые гениальные философские идеи всех времен, которые могут быть интересны и полезны современному человеку. Книга также не делает ограничений для читателей по возрастному принципу. Первое знакомство с философией у подрастающего поколения пройдет легко и оставит в душе светлое чувство понятного. Ребенок будет знать, что философия - это не страшные дебри, где все жутко и покрыто мраком неясного; напротив - это весьма стройная логическая система, в которой, конечно же, есть недостатки, но их можно понять и объяснить. Дети с удовольствием будут читать эту книгу и знакомиться с жизнью и опытом предков. Людей среднего возраста книга призовет остановиться, оглядеться, оставить бесполезную суету и относиться к жизни с философским оптимизмом. Люди пожилого возраста могут обнаружить в изречениях древних мудрецов мысли, сформированные ими самими в тех или иных жизненных ситуациях. Таким образом, каждый читающий и думающий может найти в этой книге что-либо достойное его внимания.

Кл.слова:
успіх -- гроші

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

The work appears in five volumes. Each volume is devoted to the study of the particular school of thought of Indian Philosophy. Vol. I comprises Buddhist and Jaina Philosophy and the six systems of Hindu thought, viz., Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Vol. II completes studies in the Sankara school of Vedanta. It also contains the philosophy of the Yogavasistha, the Bhagavadgita and speculations in the medical schools. Vol. III contains an elaborate account of the principal dualistic and pluralistic systems such as the philosophy of the Pancaratra. Bhaskara, Yamuna, Ramanuja, Nimbarka, Vijnanabhiksu and philosophical speculations of some of the selected Puranas. Vol. IV deals with the Bhagavata Purana, Madhva and his school, Vallabha, Caitanya, Jiva Gosvami and Baladeva Vidyabhusana. Vol. V treats of the southern schools of Saivism, viz., Saiva Siddhanta, Vira Saivism, philosophy of Srikantha, Saiva philosophy in the Puranas and in some important texts.

Кл.слова:
буддизм -- йога -- шиваїзм

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Plutarch tells the story of a man who plucked a nightingale and finding but little to eat exclaimed: "You are just a voice and nothing more." Plucking the feathers of meaning that cover the voice, dismantling the body from which the voice seems to emanate, resisting the Sirens' song of fascination with the voice, concentrating on "the voice and nothing more": this is the difficult task that philosopher Mladen Dolar relentlessly pursues in this seminal work. The voice did not figure as a major philosophical topic until the 1960s, when Derrida and Lacan separately proposed it as a central theoretical concern. In A Voice and Nothing More Dolar goes beyond Derrida's idea of "phonocentrism" and revives and develops Lacan's claim that the voice is one of the paramount embodiments of the psychoanalytic object (objet a). Dolar proposes that, apart from the two commonly understood uses of the voice as a vehicle of meaning and as a source of aesthetic admiration, there is a third level of understanding: the voice as an object that can be seen as the lever of thought. He investigates the object voice on a number of different levels the linguistics of the voice, the metaphysics of the voice, the ethics of the voice (with the voice of conscience), the paradoxical relation between the voice and the body, the politics of the voice and he scrutinizes the uses of the voice in Freud and Kafka. With this foundational work, Dolar gives us a philosophically grounded theory of the voice as a Lacanian object-cause.

Кл.слова:
психологія -- психоаналітичний об'єкт

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

The concept of the universal was born in the lands we now call Europe, yet it is precisely the universal that is Europe's undoing. All European politics is caught in a tension: to assert a European identity is to be open to multiplicity, but this very openness could dissolve Europe as such. This book reflects on Europe and its changing boundaries over the span of twenty centuries. A work of philosophy, it consistently draws on concrete events. From ancient Greece and Rome, to Christianity, to the Reformation, to the national revolutions of the twentieth century, what we today call "Europe" has been a succession of projects in the name of ecclesia or community. Empire, Church, and EU: all have been constructed in contrast to an Oriental "other." The stakes of Europe, then, are as much metaphysical as political. Redefining a series of key concepts such as world, place, transportation, and the common, this book sheds light on Europe as process by engaging with the most significant philosophical debates on the subject, including the work of Marx, Husserl, Heidegger, Patocka, and Nancy

Кл.слова:
філософія -- Європа

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

American Philosophy: The Basics introduces the history of American thought from early Calvinists to the New England Transcendentalists and from contract theory to contemporary African American philosophy. The key question it asks is: what it is that makes American Philosophy unique? This lively and compelling book moves through key periods in the development of American thought from the founding fathers to the transcendentalists and pragmatists to contemporary social commentators.

Кл.слова:
історія -- культура

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Volume One of Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas, is a comprehensive and far ranging collection of anarchist writings from the feudal era (300) to 1939. Edited and introduced by noted anarchist scholar Robert Graham, the collection will include the definitive texts from the anarchist tradition of political thought, beginning with some of the earliest writings from China and Europe against feudal servitude and authority. The collection will then go on to document the best of the anti-authoritarian writings from the English and French Revolutions and the early development of libertarian socialist ideas, including such writers as Gerrard Winstanley, William Godwin, Charles Fourier, Max Stirner, as well as the early anarchist writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Michael Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Elisee Reclus, Leo Tolstoy, and Emma Goldman. This incomparable volume deals both with the positive ideas and proposals the anarchists tried to put into practice, and with the anarchist critiques of the authoritarian theories and practices confronting them during these years with their revolutionary upheavals. Robert Graham has written extensively on the history of anarchist ideas. He is the author of “The Role of Contract in Anarchist Ideology,” in the Routledge publication, For Anarchism, edited by David Goodway, and he wrote the introduction to the 1989 Pluto Press edition of Proudhon’s General Idea of the Revolution in the 19th Century, originally published in 1851. He has been doing research and writing on the historical development of anarchist ideas for over 20 years and is a well respected commentator in the field. Includes original portraits of the anarchists drawn by Maurice Spira specifically for this book Spira’s imagery is rooted to the political, his subject matter global. Works such as “Battle of Seattle,” “Gulf,” and “Refugees” are the visual equivalent of newspaper headlines.

Кл.слова:
ідеологія -- політика -- філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This book aims to define – or to re-define – anarchism in relation to the fundamental ethico-political problem of authority. Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the ‘sociology of power’) and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the ‘philosophy of practical reason’). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those ‘authoritative’ powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation.

Кл.слова:
політична течія -- політична філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Contemporary accounts of what’s “natural” for human society still cite the thirteenth-century system of Thomas Aquinas – even on the Supreme Court. But those accounts ignore his biblical commentaries, which reveal something much stranger. Against the reigning impression, the commentaries embed all law, even the law of nature, in a sexually charged story of decline by specific ethnic groups – Jews and Gentiles – gendered in changing ways and redeemed by the reinsemination of divine grace. This book uses accounts of ethnicity and gender, nature and grace in Aquinas’s biblical commentaries to reframe the systematic works (especially his Summa theologiae) still quoted in court. The whole advantage of natural law is supposed to lie in its independence from any particular group, history, or religion. That is why rival views of gender and sexuality both appeal to “nature” and cite Aquinas. But Aquinas’s Summa ties natural law to specific biblical passages, where his commentary describes a nature that differs by ethnicity, varies over time, and changes sexuality by God’s decree. This destabilizes turn-of-the-twenty-first-century uses, liberal or conservative.

Кл.слова:
середньовічна філософія -- релігієзнавство -- екзегетика -- моральні категорії

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Aristotle is the father of virtue ethics--a discipline which is receiving renewed scholarly attention. Yet Aristotle's accounts of the individual virtues remain opaque, for most contemporary commentators of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics have focused upon other matters. In contrast, Howard J. Curzer takes Aristotle's detailed description of the individual virtues to be central to his ethical theory. Working through the Nicomachean Ethics virtue-by-virtue, explaining and generally defending Aristotle's claims, this book brings each of Aristotle's virtues alive. A new Aristotle emerges, an Aristotle fascinated by the details of the individual virtues.

Кл.слова:
Арістотель -- етика

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This fifth volume covers many of the most important philosophers and movements of the nineteenth century, including utilitarianism, positivism and pragmatism.

Кл.слова:
просвітництво у Франції -- політична філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

"Camera lucida. Комментарий к фотографии" Ролана Барта - одно из первых фундаментальных исследований природы фотографии и одновременно оммаж покойной матери автора. Интерес к случайно попавшей в руки фотографии 1870 г. вызвал у Барта желание узнать, благодаря какому существенному признаку фотография выделяется из всей совокупности изображений. Задавшись вопросом классификации, систематизации фотографий, философ выстраивает собственную феноменологию, вводя понятия Studium и Punctum. Studium обозначает культурную, языковую и политическую интерпретацию фотографии, Punctum - сугубо личный эмоциональный смысл, позволяющий установить прямую связь с фотоизображением.

Кл.слова:
візуальність -- фотографія -- французька філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

The renowned philosopher Jerry Fodor, a leading figure in the study of the mind for more than twenty years, presents a strikingly original theory on the basic constituents of thought. He suggests that the heart of cognitive science is its theory of concepts, and that cognitive scientists have gone badly wrong in many areas because their assumptions about concepts have been mistaken. Fodor argues compellingly for an atomistic theory of concepts, deals out witty and pugnacious demolitions of rival theories, and suggests that future work on human cognition should build upon new foundations. This lively, conversational, and superbly accessible book is the first volume in the Oxford Cognitive Science Series, where the best original work in this field will be presented to a broad readership. Concepts will fascinate anyone interested in contemporary work on mind and language. Cognitive science will never be the same again.

Кл.слова:
концепція -- когнітивна наука

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Far from being pessimistic or nihilistic, as modern uses of the term "cynic" suggest, the ancient Cynics were astonishingly optimistic regarding human nature. They believed that if one simplified one's life—giving up all unnecessary possessions, desires, and ideas—and lived in the moment as much as possible, one could regain one's natural goodness and happiness. It was a life exemplified most famously by the eccentric Diogenes, nicknamed "the Dog," and his followers, called dog-philosophers, kunikoi, or Cynics. Rebellious, self-willed, and ornery but also witty and imaginative, these dog-philosophers are some of the most colorful personalities from antiquity. This engaging introduction to Cynicism considers both the fragmentary ancient evidence on the Cynics and the historical interpretations that have shaped the philosophy over the course of eight centuries—from Diogenes himself to Nietzsche and beyond. Approaching Cynicism from a variety of thematic perspectives as well—their critique of convention, praise of natural simplicity, advocacy of self-sufficiency, defiance of Fortune, and freedom—William Desmond offers a fascinating survey of a school of thought that has had a tremendous influence throughout history and is of continuing interest today.

Кл.слова:
антична філософія -- культура -- ідеологія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

A huge thank you to those who have helped me, with their advice, their remarks, or their encouragements: to Valérie Lévy-Soussan, fi rst and foremost, for lending me her ear, her advice, and her support every day, but also to Marie-Françoise Plissart, Sandrine Willems, Marc Avelot, Jan Baetens, Jean-Christophe Cambier, Luc Dellisse, Archibald and Vladimir Peeters, Hadrien and Gabriel Pelissier. Thanks also to Sophie Dufour, who transcribed several quotations, with both care and enthusiasm. And particular thanks to Christian Rullier: he knows why. To Sophie Berlin, director of the Human Sciences department at Flammarion, I am immensely indebted. Without her, I would never have had the idea of embarking on this project, nor the energy to bring it to completion.

Кл.слова:
філософія -- постструктуралізм -- постмодерн

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

La obra que aquí presentamos, El individuo contra el Estado del famoso sociólogo británico Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), está compuesta por una recopilación de ensayos que sería publicada en 1884 bajo el sugestivo título deThe man versus the State.

Кл.слова:
англійська філософія -- соціологія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Research on medieval philosophy has advanced greatly in the last thirty years, but there has not been a comprehensive encyclopedia summarizing the current research available. This two-volume reference work fills that void. The Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy covers all areas of philosophy in the Middle Ages and part of the Renaissance, ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. It contains general entries on medieval philosophers and medieval philosophies and on the key terms and concepts in the subject area, but it also provides more in-depth details and analyses of particular theories. Furthermore, in order to gain an insight into the social and cultural context of the material, entries are included on the teaching of philosophy, the career of philosophers, and the place of philosophy within the universities. Complete with cross-references between key words and related essays to enable efficient searches, this Encyclopedia is exhaustive, unprecedented, and user-friendly. It is indispensable for scholars of medieval philosophy and of the history of ideas, and it is also useful for anyone interested in medieval ideas and thought.

Кл.слова:
словник -- філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This new book reflects Derrida's latest views on the role of education and international organizations in an era of globalization. In this book, Derrida develops a notion of the global citizen that is uniquely post-Kantian. He looks especially at the changing role of UNESCO and similar organizations at a time when individual and national identities, knowledge and commerce, and human rights all are brought to world attention in new ways than they have been in the past. Following Derrida's writings on these issues, prominent scholars engage in a dialogue with him on his approach to understanding the ethics of international institutions and education today.

Кл.слова:
філософія