The quadtree and octree are hierarchical data structures used to represent spatial data. They are based on the principle of recursive decomposition (similar to divide and con- conquer methods [Aho74]). This book focuses on the use of quadtree and octree representations of region data (in two and three dimensions, respectively) in applications in computer graphics, image processing, and geographic information systems (Gis), as well as computer vision, robotics, pattern recognition, solid modeling, and other areas. For a comprehensive treatment of related hierarchical representations of spatial data including points, lines, rectangles, regions, and volumes, see [Same90a]. To many people, the terms quadtree and octree have taken on a generic meaning synonymous with the term hierarchical data structure. Hierarchical data structures are useful because of their ability to focus on the interesting subsets of the data. This focusing results in an efficient representation and in improved execution times. Thus they are particularly convenient for performing set operations. Many of the operations described can often be performed as efficiently, or more so, with other data structures. Nevertheless, hierarchical data structures are attractive because of their conceptual clarity and ease of implementation. In addition, the use of some of them provides a spatial index. This is very useful in applications involving spatial databases.

Color Theory and Modeling for Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia Applications deals with color vision and visual computing. This book provides an overview of the human visual system with an emphasis on color vision and perception. The book then goes on to discuss how human color vision and perception are applied in several applications using computer-generated displays, such as computer graphics and information and data visualization. Color Theory and Modeling for Computer Graphics, Visualization, and Multimedia Applications is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on computer graphics, computer imaging, or multimedia computing and as a reference for researchers and practitioners developing computer graphics and multimedia applications.

The subject of VLSI systems spans a broad range of disciplines, including semiconductor devices and processing, integrated electronic circuits, digital logic, design disciplines and tools for creating complex systems, and the architecture, algorithms, and applications of complete VLSI systems. The Addison-Wesley VLSI Systems Series is being organized as a set of textbooks and research references that present the best current work across this exciting and diverse field, with each book providing for its subject a perspective that ties it to related disciplines. Computer Aids for VLSI Design by Steven Rubin presents a broad and coherent view of the computational tools available to the VLSI designer. This book contains insights and information that will be valuable both to chip designers and to tool builders. Modern VLSI computer aided design (CAD) systems allow the chip designer to access in a consistent and convenient way a variety of synthesis and analysis tools. Such tools have advanced considerably in the past several years, both in their scope and in their ability to handle large designs. Part of what distinguishes the expert chip designer from the novice is an understanding the entire suite of tools that are available, and how they work together to support the design flow of a project. One can come to understand the capabilities and limitations of individual tools in some cases from their external interfaces and roles in the design process. In other cases it is useful to appreciate how the tools work internally. Rubin presents both perspectives for all of the important categories of synthesis and analysis tools. The exposition is readily understandable to anyone familiar with chip design and computer programming. The starting point for this book was a design system called "Electric," which Rubin designed and programmed almost single-handedly over the past four years. Electric is a complete and elegant system that has been used for the design and verification of many chips. The book is not a "manual" for using Electric. Rather, Electric is used as a vehicle for exposing design choices and internal interfaces that are common to many of the advanced design systems currently available. Thus this book allows one to learn in a realistic setting something of the art practiced by VLSI design system developers.

What are computers in education being used for? In this book, Cynthia Solomon takes a welcome look at the possibilities and issues of learning with and about computers in schools or in any other learning environment. Solomon focuses on the use of computers within the framework of recent innovative theories of learning and education, particularly in elementary school mathematics. She devotes an entire chapter each to the work of Patrick Suppes, Robert Davis, Tom Dwyer, and Seymour Papert. Cynthia Solomon received a doctorate in education from Harvard and has worked with Seymour Papert's group at MIT and with the Atari Research Laboratory in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

This introduction to programming places computer science in the core of a liberal arts education. Unlike other introductory books, it focuses on the program design process. This approach fosters a variety of skills — critical reading, analytical thinking, creative synthesis, and attention to detail — that are important for everyone, not just future computer programmers. The book exposes readers to two fundamentally new ideas. First, it presents program design guidelines that show the reader how to analyze a problem statement; how to formulate concise goals; how to make up examples; how to develop an outline of the solution, based on the analysis; how to finish the program; and how to test. Each step produces a well-defined intermediate product. Second, the book comes with a novel programming environment, the first one explicitly designed for beginners. The environment grows with the readers as they master the material in the book until it supports a full-fledged language for the whole spectrum of programming tasks. All the book's support materials are available for free on the Web. The Web site includes the environment, teacher guides, exercises for all levels, solutions, and additional projects.

Examines computer modeling of enzyme reactions (including enzyme kinetics), techniques popular in the fields of physical, organic, and biochemistry as well as pharmaceutical research. Includes practical computer exercises and sample computer programs which can be run on a PC. The programs serve as simple illustrations of the different concepts of computer modeling and as an introduction to more versatile computer modeling packages which can be run on mainframes. Also provides an introduction to the rapidly growing field of computer simulation and modeling of macromolecules, emphasizing structure-function correlation in proteins and the action of enzymes.

This book is now in its fourth edition. Each edition has corresponded to a different phase in the way computer networks were used. When the first edition appeared in 1980, networks were an academic curiosity. When the second edition appeared in 1988, networks were used by universities and large businesses. When the third edition appeared in 1996, computer networks, especially the Internet, had become a daily reality for millions of people. The new item in the fourth edition is the rapid growth of wireless networking in many forms.

Комп'ютерне програмування концепції і Visual Basic.

This book's introduction features a humorous story of a man with a line of people behind him, who explains to his boss, "I can't find an efficient algorithm, but neither can all these famous people." This man illustrates an important quality of a class of problems, namely, the NP-complete problems: if you can prove that a problem is in this class, then it has no known polynomial-time solution that is guaranteed to work in general. This quality implies that the problem is difficult to deal with in practice.

Computers and the Law provides readers with an introduction to the legal issues associated with computing - particularly in the massively networked context of the Internet. Assuming no previous knowledge of the law or any special knowledge of programming or computer science, this textbook offers undergraduates of all disciplines and professionals in the computing industry an understanding of basic legal principles and an awareness of the peculiarities associated with legal issues in cyberspace. This book introduces readers to the fundamental workings of the law in physical space and suggests the opportunity to create new types of laws with nontraditional goals.

Computers, Chess, and Cognition presents an excellent up-to-date description of developments in computer chess, a rapidly advancing area in artificial intelligence research. This book is intended for an upper undergraduate and above level audience in the computer science (artificial intelligence) community. The chapters have been edited to present a uniform terminology and balanced writing style, to make the material understandable to a wider, less specialized audience. The book's primary strengths are the description of the workings of some major chess programs, an excellent review of tree searching methods, discussion of exciting new research ideas, a philosophical discussion of the relationship of computer game playing to artificial intelligence, and the treatment of computer Go as an important new research area. A complete index and extensive bibliography makes the book a valuable reference work. The book includes a special foreword by Ken Thompson, author of the UNIX operating system.

A well reported outcome of the current expansion in the use of computers within all areas of academic, commercial and industrial life, is the growing number of users without formal training in programming or computer technology. Such users wish simply to employ the machine as a tool in their daily work, and are not interested in becoffiing computer professionals or in understanding the details of their application system. People within this category come from a very wide range of educational and professional backgrounds, each individual ideally requiring a system carefully matched to the technical, psychological and social needs of his occupation. The chapters in this volume are concerned with the satisfaction of this ideal.

This book is mostly based on a series of notes for a primer course in electrical and computer engineering that I taught at the City College of New York School of Engineering. Each week, the class met for an hour of lecture and a three-hour computer laboratory session where students were divided into small groups of 12 to 15 students each. The students met in an informal learning community setting, a computer laboratory, where each student had the exclusive use of a PC. The small size of the groups permitted a great deal of individualized instruction, which was a key ingredient to cater successfully to the needs of students with heterogeneous high school backgrounds.

Engineers around the world depend on MATLAB for its power, usability, and outstanding graphics capabilities. Yet too often, engineering students are either left on their own to acquire the background they need to use MATLAB, or they must learn the program concurrently within an advanced course. Both of these options delay students from solving realistic design problems, especially when they do not have a text focused on applications relevant to their field and written at the appropriate level of mathematics.Ideal for use as a short-course textbook and for self-study Elementary Mathematical and Computational Tools for Electrical and Computer Engineers Using MATLAB fills that gap. Accessible after just one semester of calculus, it introduces the many practical analytical and numerical tools that are essential to success both in future studies and in professional life. Sharply focused on the needs of the electrical and computer engineering communities, the text provides a wealth of relevant exercises and design problems. Changes in MATLAB's version 6.0 are included in a special addendum.The lack of skills in fundamental quantitative tools can seriously impede progress in one's engineering studies or career. By working through this text, either in a lecture/lab environment or by themselves, readers will not only begin mastering MATLAB, but they will also hone their analytical and computational skills to a level that will help them to enjoy and succeed in subsequent electrical and computer engineering pursuits.

Provides a detailed examination of computer science and technology, including a chronology of significant events in computing, a listing of achievements in the field, and brief descriptions and contact information for important organizations in the computer field. Major corporations and organizations in the computer field are covered, as well as many new biographies.

This book was based on Allen Downey's How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, a clear and helpful first-year computer science textbook, which was also released under GNU Free Documentation License. The book's goal is to teach you to think like a computer scientist. This way of thinking combines some of the best features of mathematics, engineering, and natural science. Python was chosen to translate Allen's original Java version because it provides a really nice balance between the practical and the conceptual. Since Python is interpreted, beginners can pick up the language and start doing neat things almost immediately without getting lost in the problems of compilation and linking. Furthermore, Python comes with a large library of modules that can be used to do all sorts of tasks ranging from web-programming to graphics. Having such a practical focus is a great way to engage students and it allows them to complete significant projects.