The purpose of this book is to demystify the techniques associated with the field of artificial intelligence. It covers both the theory and the practical applications to teach developers how to apply AI techniques in their own designs.

To travel from premodernism through modernism and into post-modernism might take several centuries and even millennia. American legal thought, remarkably so, has made the voyage in just over two hundred years. My purpose is to tell the story of this mercurial journey.

In this book I trace the growing tension between freedom of expression and copyright law’s grant of property rights in expression. That tension cannot be eradicated: by giving authors exclusive rights, copyright both encourages the creation of new works and necessarily prevents some speakers from copying from existing expression to convey their message effectively. But while that tension is inevitable, it is not wholly irremediable. As I argue, copyright can and should be redrawn to better serve free speech goals in both traditional and digital media. I have two caveats about my project. First, due to space limitations, I focus almost entirely on the law and system of free expression in the United States. Copyright and free speech simultaneously face and embrace each other in other countries as well, and while copyright’s paradox has received first, most intensive attention in the United States, non-American scholars, lawmakers, and judges have also joined the fray, yielding much insight. I hope that my foreign colleagues will draw parallels to my exploration of the U.S. experience. Second, especially as applied to digital networks, copyright is a highly fluid area of law and policy with new, noteworthy developments taking place almost every day. Unfortunately for readers, but perhaps thankfully for tired authors, there comes a time when texts published in hard copy are put to bed and can no longer reflect ongoing developments. With isolated exceptions, this book reflects developments only through April 1, 2007. I trust that its thesis and argument will remain relevant for a good time after that, even as some of its detail is overtaken by subsequent events.

André Gorz argues that changes in the role of the work and labour process in the closing decades of the twentieth century have, once and for all, weakened the power of skilled industrial workers. Their place has been taken, says Gorz, by social movements such as the women’s movement and the green movement, and all those who refuse to accept the work ethic so fundamental to early capitalist societies. Provocative and heretical, Farewell to the Working Class is a classic study of labour and unemployment in the post-industrial world.

The scope of US antitrust law as defined in the Supreme Court's decisions in Trinko and Credit Suisse Securities is much narrower than the scope of EU competition law. US antitrust enforcers have become increasingly reluctant to apply antitrust rules to regulated markets, whereas the European Commission has consistently used EU competition rules to correct the externalities resulting from government action. The contrasting approaches adopted by US and EU antitrust enforcers to these issues, as with the differences in addressing market dominance, have had a profound impact on the scope of antitrust intervention in the IP field. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the relevant recent developments on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies the pitfalls of regulating IP through competition rules. With a unique comparative perspective, this book will be an invaluable resource for postgraduate students, academics and practitioners in IP and competition law.

Хто ми — Україна чи Малоросія? Європа чи Росія? Чи українська релігійність — це те саме, що візантійське православ'я? Звідки взялись тамплієри на берегах Дніпра? Яку таємницю берегли «таємні товариства» малоросійських дворян XIX ст.? Звідки в «Лісовій пісні» зашифрована легенда про Грааль? Чи й справді українці — це «селянська нація»? В чому різниця між демократією і хамократією? В чому полягав модерний «український проект» і чи вдалося нам його реалізувати?.. Нова книжка провідної української письменниці, підсумковий плід її багаторічних роздумів — це вражаюча інтелектуальна подорож крізь віки, культури й конфесії в пошуках «України, яку ми втратили». Ключем до неї стає розкритий О. Забужко «код Лесі Українки». Аристократка і єретичка, спадкоємиця древнього лицарського роду і продовжувачка гностичної традиції, ця найвидатніша з українок залишилася незрозумілою в радянській Україні і майже незнаною широкій публіці — в Україні незалежній. Чому? Відповіддю на це питання стає велика історична драма «прихованої війни», яку Оксана Забужко з притаманною їй відвагою виносить із забуття і, на багатющому літературному й історичному матеріалі, відновлює на повен зріст. Це не лише фундаментальна історико-культурна студія чи вишукана філологічна екзегетика. Це ще й книга про наше сьогодення — про те, як жорстоко ми розплачуємося за втрату і забуття багатовікової лицарської культури.

Now that open source software is blossoming around the world, it is crucial to understand how open source licenses work—and their solid legal foundations. Open Source Initiative general counsel Lawrence Rosen presents a plain-English guide to open source law for developers, managers, users, and lawyers. Rosen clearly explains the intellectual property laws that support open source licensing, carefully reviews today's leading licenses, and helps you make the best choices for your project or organization

This book grew out of discussions with Dr. Rainer Moufang, my long-time friend from the Max Planck Institute for German and International Intellectual Property (The institute has been renamed as the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law). On a cold, quiet afternoon in Munich in 2006, we sat in his office discussing the need for a comprehensive review of fundamental and contemporary patent issues as they relate to the protection of both traditional and new technologies. We envisioned a book that would appeal to both academics and practitioners, and we selected experts from three major patent jurisdictions – the United States, Europe and Japan – who could write on each topic. Although we granted these authors complete freedom with regard to writing style, we strongly encouraged them to analyze their topics from the comparative law perspective.

In simple terms, intellectual property is a product of the human intellect that has commercial value. Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations—from fiction, poetry, songs, designs and artwork to ads, product names, mechanical inventions, processes, chemical formulas, machines and software. The commercial value of intellectual property comes from the ability of its owner to control its use. If the owner could not legally require payment in exchange for use, ownership of the intellectual property would have intellectual worth but no commercial value.

Since the rise of Napster and other file-sharing services in its wake, most of us have assumed that intellectual piracy is a product of the digital age and that it threatens creative expression as never before. The Motion Picture Association of America, for instance, claimed that in 2005 the film industry lost $2.3 billion in revenue to piracy online. But here Adrian Johns shows that piracy has a much longer and more vital history than we have realized—one that has been largely forgotten and is little understood. Piracy explores the intellectual property wars from the advent of print culture in the fifteenth century to the reign of the Internet in the twenty-first. Brimming with broader implications for today’s debates over open access, fair use, free culture, and the like, Johns’s book ultimately argues that piracy has always stood at the center of our attempts to reconcile creativity and commerce—and that piracy has been an engine of social, technological, and intellectual innovations as often as it has been their adversary. From Cervantes to Sonny Bono, from Maria Callas to Microsoft, from Grub Street to Google, no chapter in the story of piracy evades Johns’s graceful analysis in what will be the definitive history of the subject for years to come.

In an era in which socialism has been widely discredited, the moral and legal status of private property is crucial, and property theory has become one of the most active and exciting battlegrounds of contemporary political and social thought. In this important contribution to the theory of property, Carol Rose sympathetically examines the two currently dominant traditions - neoconservative utilitarianism and liberal communitarianism - acknowledging the strengths of each and laying the groundwork for a theory to bridge the gap between them. By insisting that community norms must underlie any property regime, she expands the horizons of property theory, exploring the role of narrative and storytelling in the establishment of these norms. The result is a study that credits the insights of rival views and breaks new ground both substantively in its implications for understanding property and methodologically in its application of the study of narrative to property law. Property and Persuasion is a valuable contribution to legal theory as well as to political and social philosophy, and it is essential reading for students and professionals in all these fields.

Having its origins in the process of transformation and land reform that began to take shape in South Africa at the end of the last century, this strikingly original analysis of property starts from deep inside the property regime. Focusing on issues of stability and change in a transformative setting, and on the role of tradition and legal culture in that context, the book argues that a property regime, including the system of property holdings and the rules and practices that entrench and protect them, tends to insulate itself against change through the security- and stability-seeking tendency of tradition and legal culture, including the deep assumptions about security and stability embedded in the rights paradigm, rhetoric, and logic that dominate current legal culture. The rights paradigm tends to stabilize the current distribution of property holdings by securing extant property holdings on the assumption that they are lawfully acquired, socially important, and politically and morally legitimate. This function of the rights paradigm tends to resist or minimize change, including change brought about by morally, politically, and legally legitimate reform efforts. The book gauges the lasting power of the rights paradigm in South Africa by investigating its effects in the margins of property law, and of society, by establishing the actual efficacy and power of reformist or transformative anti-eviction policies and legislation aimed at the protection of marginalized and weak land users and occupiers. It explores the possibility of opening up theoretical space where justice-inspired changes to the extant property regime can be imagined and discussed from an unusual perspective, a perspective from the margins which is valuable for any theoretical consideration or discussion of property. This book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of native land issues.

Das Sachenrecht ist ein zentraler Bereich der zivilrechtlichen Examensvorbereitung. Alle mit dem Recht der beweglichen Sachen sowie dem Grundstücksrecht in Verbindung stehenden Prinzipien werden auf der Grundlage historischer Entwicklung in einem systematischen Zusammenhang vermittelt. Der gesamte Lehrstoff ist auf studentische Bedürfnisse zugeschnitten und enthält Argumentationshilfen für die jeweiligen Gründe. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet dem anspruchsvollen Anfänger und Fortgeschrittenen eine hervorragende Unterstützung, den schwierigen Stoff anschaulich und tiefgehend zu bewältigen. Der Autor hat das Buch überarbeitet und dem aktuellsten Stand der Rechtsprechung und Literatur angepasst.

The Author's Dueoffers an institutional and cultural history of books, the book trade, and the bibliographic ego. Joseph Loewenstein traces the emergence of possessive authorship from the establishment of a printing industry in England to the passage of the 1710 Statute of Anne, which provided the legal underpinnings for modern copyright. Along the way he demonstrates that the culture of books, including the idea of the author, is intimately tied to the practical trade of publishing those books. As Loewenstein shows, copyright is a form of monopoly that developed alongside a range of related protections such as commercial trusts, manufacturing patents, and censorship, and cannot be understood apart from them. The regulation of the press pitted competing interests and rival monopolistic structures against one anotherguildmembers and nonprofessionals, printers and booksellers, authors and publishers. These struggles, in turn, crucially shaped the literary and intellectual practices of early modern authors, as well as early capitalist economic organization. With its probing look at the origins of modern copyright, The Author's Duewill prove to be a watershed for historians, literary critics, and legal scholars alike.

У цій роботі П. Манан поставив перед собою завдання представити головні напрямки та вирішальні моменти історії лібералізму, який уже близько трьох століть є першою й головною течією і, так би мовити, постійною основою сучасної політики Європи та Заходу. Читач знайде на цих сторінках, звісно, не політичну історію Європи, а, скоріше, макет цієї історії, перелік її ключових елементів. Дороговказами на цьому шляху автором обрано кілька основних творів політичної філософії, від Макіавеллі до Токвіля. Адже історія політичної філософії найкраще пояснює розвиток європейської історії.