Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

До книжки ввійшли дві головні праці видатного австрійського філософа Людвіга Вітгенштайна (1889—1951). Перша з них, «Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus», дає нове поняття філософії як відмови від будь-якої форми системної побудови і визначає її мету як логічне пояснення думок. Вихідний пункт цих ідей — міркування, що сучасний світ є вже не світом речей, а світом фактів у логічному просторі. У другій праці «Філософські дослідження» стисло викладено думки про філософію мови, багатство і оригінальність яких справили великий вплив на сучасне західноєвропейське мислення і визначили нові напрямки в модерній лінгвістиці. Ще більше значення має ця праця як модель філософського методу.

Кл.слова:
філософія мови -- сучасна лінгвістика

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This revised and considerably expanded 2nd edition brings together a wide range of topics, including modal, tense, conditional, intuitionist, many-valued, paraconsistent, relevant, and fuzzy logics. Part 1, on propositional logic, is the old Introduction, but contains much new material. Part 2 is entirely new, and covers quantification and identity for all the logics in Part 1. The material is unified by the underlying theme of world semantics. All of the topics are explained clearly using devices such as tableau proofs, and their relation to current philosophical issues and debates are discussed. Students with a basic understanding of classical logic will find this book an invaluable introduction to an area that has become of central importance in both logic and philosophy. It will also interest people working in mathematics and computer science who wish to know about the area.

Кл.слова:
логіка -- семантика -- філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This is the only contemporary text to cover both epistemology and philosophy of mind at an introductory level. It also serves as a general introduction to philosophy: it discusses the nature and methods of philosophy as well as basic logical tools of the trade.The book is divided into three parts. The first focuses on knowledge, in particular, skepticism and knowledge of the external world, and knowledge of language. The second focuses on mind, including the metaphysics of mind and freedom of will. The third brings together knowledge and mind, discussing knowledge of mind (other minds and our own) and naturalism and how epistemology and philosophy of mind come together in contemporary cognitive science. Throughout, the authors take into account the needs of the beginning philosophy student. They have made very effort to ensure accessibility while preserving accuracy.Andrew Brook is Professor of Philosophy, Director of Interdisciplinary Studies, and Chair of the Cognitive Science Program at Carleton University, Ottawa.Robert J. Stainton is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Linguistics at Carleton University.

Кл.слова:
знання -- філософія духу

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Двухтомный труд «Теория познания и логика по учению позднейших буддистов» (СПб., 1903-1909), переиздаваемый ныне спустя без малого столетие после его выхода в свет, явился для его автора, академика Федора Ипполитовича Щербатского (1866-1942), первым этапом главного дела его жизни – исследования философской школы буддийских логиков Дигнаги и Дхармакирти, а для мировой философской индианистики – очень крупным событием. Довольно скоро труд был (частично) переведен на немецкий язык, вызвал многочисленные отклики и живую полемику, побудившую Ф.И. Щербатского продолжить изучение буддийской гносеологической традиции, что завершилось через четверть века созданием фундаментального труда, magnum opus его автора – Buddhist Logic (Leningrad, vol. I – 1930, vol. II – 1932). Однако первый вариант, написанный по русски, сохраняет, несмотря на огромный прогресс в интерпретации, достигнутый многолетними изысканиями Щербатского ко времени написания английского, итогового исследования, большой самостоятельный интерес.

Кл.слова:
логіка -- буддизм

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

In the last century developments in mathematics, philosophy, physics, computer science, economics and linguistics have proven important for the development of logic. There has been an influx of new ideas, concerns, and logical systems reflecting a great variety of reasoning tasks in the sciences. This volume reflects the multi-dimensional nature of the interplay between logic and science.

Кл.слова:
епістемічна модель -- IF-logic

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

The twentieth century witnessed the birth of analytic philosophy. This volume covers some of its key movements and philosophers, including Frege and Wittgenstein's Tractatus.

Кл.слова:
логічний позитивізм -- філософія фізики

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

One of the most popular of the Hellenistic schools of philosophy in antiquity, Stoicism flourished for some five hundred years and has remained a constant presence throughout the history of Western philosophy. Its doctrines appealed to people from all strata of ancient society-from the slave Epictetus to the emperor Marcus Aurelius. This book provides a lucid, comprehensive introduction to this great philosophical school. It gives an overview of the history of the school, covers its philosophy as a system, and explores the three main branches of Stoic theory. John Sellars includes historical information on the life and works of the ancient Stoic philosophers and summaries, analyses, and appraisals of their principal doctrines in logic, physics, and ethics. He also includes a fascinating account of the Stoic legacy from later antiquity to the present. The volume includes a glossary and chronology, which, together with its accessible yet authoritative approach, makes it the ideal choice for students, scholars, and general readers interested in what Stoicism has meant, both philosophically and historically, for western civilization.

Кл.слова:
філософія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Alain Badiou takes on the standard bearer of the "linguistic turn" in modern philosophy, and anatomizes the "anti-philosophy" of Ludwig Wittgenstein, in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Addressing the crucial moment where Wittgenstein argues that much has to be passed over in silence—showing what cannot be said, after accepting the limits of language and meaning—Badiou argues that this mystical act reduces logic to rhetoric, truth to an effect of language games, and philosophy to a series of esoteric aphorisms. in the course of his interrogation of Wittgenstein's anti-philosophy, Badiou sets out and refines his own definitions of the universal truths that condition philosophy. Bruno Bosteels' introduction shows that this encounter with Wittgenstein is central to Badiou's overall project—and that a continuing dialogue with the exemplar of anti-philosophy is crucial for contemporary philosophy.

Кл.слова:
антифілософія -- теорія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

This book began as a series of essays on the way knowledge is constructed by different groups of people: masons, Polynesian navigators, malariologists, turbulence engineers and cartographers. Now the book is finished it seems to be a reflection on modernity and the problems we have in understanding it. This slightly odd effect of an unplanned outcome may be the common authorial sensation of the book having a voice of its own. But I suspect it illustrates the illusory nature of one of the core tenets of modernity—that the technoscientific knowledge, upon which the concept of modernity is based, epitomises planning, rationality and order. This book is in large part a reexamination of the supposed planned and rational character of technoscientific knowledge. Rather than being governed by logic and method, modernity’s drive for order conceals its messy, contingent, unplanned and arational character. If we wish to rethink the way we produce knowledge and the forms of knowledge we value, we need to recognise, even celebrate, its unplanned and messy nature. The book assumes that there is not just one universal form of knowledge (Western science), but a variety of knowledges. Moreover, a cross-cultural, comparative form of analysis is required to understand our own knowledge traditions. For this reason I consider examples from a variety of periods and cultures in order to explore the ways in which we are constituted as knowng subjects through the very processes of knowing that we construct. At the same time I think it is incumbent on me to examine the nature of the sociological stance that provides for such an analysis. In that reflexive sense my position could be characterised as postmodern, but I aim to break with the limitations of both the postmodern and the modern and argue for the transmodern—a way station at which some kind of synthesis of the two can be achieved, without the excesses of either.

Кл.слова:
пізнання -- наука -- звичаєве право

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Since its first publication in 1945 Lord Russell's A History of Western Philosophy has been universally acclaimed as the outstanding one-volume work on the subject -- unparalleled in its comprehensiveness, its clarity, its erudition, its grace and wit. In seventy-six chapters he traces philosophy from the rise of Greek civilization to the emergence of logical analysis in the twentieth century. Among the philosophers considered are: Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, the Atomists, Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, Plotinus, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, Benedict, Gregory the Great, John the Scot, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Occam, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, the Utilitarians, Marx, Bergson, James, Dewey, and lastly the philosophers with whom Lord Russell himself is most closely associated -- Cantor, Frege, and Whitehead, co-author with Russell of the monumental

Кл.слова:
філософія -- наука -- історія

  Повний текст доступний у читальному залі "Фонду Президентів України"

Construct effective arguments with UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMAL LOGIC, 8th Edition. Primarily an introduction to informal logic, this text provides a guide to understanding and constructing arguments in the context of academic studies and subsequent professional careers. Exercises, discussion questions, and readings help clarify difficult concepts and make the material meaningful and useful.

Кл.слова:
неформальна логіка -- аргументація -- критичне мислення