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The work appears in five volumes. Each volume is devoted to the study of the particular school of thought of Indian Philosophy. Vol. I comprises Buddhist and Jaina Philosophy and the six systems of Hindu thought, viz., Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Vol. II completes studies in the Sankara school of Vedanta. It also contains the philosophy of the Yogavasistha, the Bhagavadgita and speculations in the medical schools. Vol. III contains an elaborate account of the principal dualistic and pluralistic systems such as the philosophy of the Pancaratra. Bhaskara, Yamuna, Ramanuja, Nimbarka, Vijnanabhiksu and philosophical speculations of some of the selected Puranas. Vol. IV deals with the Bhagavata Purana, Madhva and his school, Vallabha, Caitanya, Jiva Gosvami and Baladeva Vidyabhusana. Vol. V treats of the southern schools of Saivism, viz., Saiva Siddhanta, Vira Saivism, philosophy of Srikantha, Saiva philosophy in the Puranas and in some important texts.

Кл.слова:
буддизм -- йога -- шиваїзм

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Natural philosophy encompassed all natural phenomena of the physical world. It sought to discover the physical causes of all natural effects and was little concerned with mathematics. By contrast, the exact mathematical sciences – such as astronomy, optics, and mechanics – were narrowly confined to various computations that did not involve physical causes. Natural philosophy and the exact sciences functioned independently of each other. Although this began slowly to change in the late Middle Ages, a much more thoroughgoing union of natural philosophy and mathematics occurred in the seventeenth century and thereby made the Scientific Revolution possible. The title of Isaac Newton’s great work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, perfectly reflects the new relationship. Natural philosophy became the “Great Mother of the Sciences,” which by the nineteenth century had nourished the manifold chemical, physical, and biological sciences to maturity, thus enabling them to leave the “Great Mother” and emerge as the multiplicity of independent sciences we know today.

Кл.слова:
натурфілософія

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Plutarch tells the story of a man who plucked a nightingale and finding but little to eat exclaimed: "You are just a voice and nothing more." Plucking the feathers of meaning that cover the voice, dismantling the body from which the voice seems to emanate, resisting the Sirens' song of fascination with the voice, concentrating on "the voice and nothing more": this is the difficult task that philosopher Mladen Dolar relentlessly pursues in this seminal work. The voice did not figure as a major philosophical topic until the 1960s, when Derrida and Lacan separately proposed it as a central theoretical concern. In A Voice and Nothing More Dolar goes beyond Derrida's idea of "phonocentrism" and revives and develops Lacan's claim that the voice is one of the paramount embodiments of the psychoanalytic object (objet a). Dolar proposes that, apart from the two commonly understood uses of the voice as a vehicle of meaning and as a source of aesthetic admiration, there is a third level of understanding: the voice as an object that can be seen as the lever of thought. He investigates the object voice on a number of different levels the linguistics of the voice, the metaphysics of the voice, the ethics of the voice (with the voice of conscience), the paradoxical relation between the voice and the body, the politics of the voice and he scrutinizes the uses of the voice in Freud and Kafka. With this foundational work, Dolar gives us a philosophically grounded theory of the voice as a Lacanian object-cause.

Кл.слова:
психологія -- психоаналітичний об'єкт

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This revised and considerably expanded 2nd edition brings together a wide range of topics, including modal, tense, conditional, intuitionist, many-valued, paraconsistent, relevant, and fuzzy logics. Part 1, on propositional logic, is the old Introduction, but contains much new material. Part 2 is entirely new, and covers quantification and identity for all the logics in Part 1. The material is unified by the underlying theme of world semantics. All of the topics are explained clearly using devices such as tableau proofs, and their relation to current philosophical issues and debates are discussed. Students with a basic understanding of classical logic will find this book an invaluable introduction to an area that has become of central importance in both logic and philosophy. It will also interest people working in mathematics and computer science who wish to know about the area.

Кл.слова:
логіка -- семантика -- філософія

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Contemporary accounts of what’s “natural” for human society still cite the thirteenth-century system of Thomas Aquinas – even on the Supreme Court. But those accounts ignore his biblical commentaries, which reveal something much stranger. Against the reigning impression, the commentaries embed all law, even the law of nature, in a sexually charged story of decline by specific ethnic groups – Jews and Gentiles – gendered in changing ways and redeemed by the reinsemination of divine grace. This book uses accounts of ethnicity and gender, nature and grace in Aquinas’s biblical commentaries to reframe the systematic works (especially his Summa theologiae) still quoted in court. The whole advantage of natural law is supposed to lie in its independence from any particular group, history, or religion. That is why rival views of gender and sexuality both appeal to “nature” and cite Aquinas. But Aquinas’s Summa ties natural law to specific biblical passages, where his commentary describes a nature that differs by ethnicity, varies over time, and changes sexuality by God’s decree. This destabilizes turn-of-the-twenty-first-century uses, liberal or conservative.

Кл.слова:
середньовічна філософія -- релігієзнавство -- екзегетика -- моральні категорії

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The renowned philosopher Jerry Fodor, a leading figure in the study of the mind for more than twenty years, presents a strikingly original theory on the basic constituents of thought. He suggests that the heart of cognitive science is its theory of concepts, and that cognitive scientists have gone badly wrong in many areas because their assumptions about concepts have been mistaken. Fodor argues compellingly for an atomistic theory of concepts, deals out witty and pugnacious demolitions of rival theories, and suggests that future work on human cognition should build upon new foundations. This lively, conversational, and superbly accessible book is the first volume in the Oxford Cognitive Science Series, where the best original work in this field will be presented to a broad readership. Concepts will fascinate anyone interested in contemporary work on mind and language. Cognitive science will never be the same again.

Кл.слова:
концепція -- когнітивна наука

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La obra que aquí presentamos, El individuo contra el Estado del famoso sociólogo británico Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), está compuesta por una recopilación de ensayos que sería publicada en 1884 bajo el sugestivo título deThe man versus the State.

Кл.слова:
англійська філософія -- соціологія

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Joseph Raz presents a penetrating exploration of the interdependence of value, reason, and the will. The essays illuminate a wide range of questions concerning fundamental aspects of human thought and action. The book is a summation of many years of original, compelling, and influential work by a major contemporary philosopher.

Кл.слова:
мораль -- соціальний релятивізм

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This new book reflects Derrida's latest views on the role of education and international organizations in an era of globalization. In this book, Derrida develops a notion of the global citizen that is uniquely post-Kantian. He looks especially at the changing role of UNESCO and similar organizations at a time when individual and national identities, knowledge and commerce, and human rights all are brought to world attention in new ways than they have been in the past. Following Derrida's writings on these issues, prominent scholars engage in a dialogue with him on his approach to understanding the ethics of international institutions and education today.

Кл.слова:
філософія

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This second edition of 'Five Dialogues' presents Grube's distinguished translations, as revised by John Cooper for 'Plato: Complete Works'. A number of new or expanded footnotes are also included along with an updated bibliography.

Кл.слова:
антична філософія

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Фундаментальное исследование выдающегося нидерландского историка и культуролога И.Хейзинги "Homo ludens. Человек играющий", анализируя игровой характер культуры, провозглашает универсальность феномена игры и ее непреходящее значение в человеческой цивилизации. Давно уже признанное классическим, это произведение отличают научная ценность, широта охвата, разнообразие фактического материала, обширная эрудиция, яркость и убедительность изложения, прозрачность и завершенность стиля.

Кл.слова:
правосуддя -- мудрування -- гра

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Книжка містить кілька есе, в яких автор аналізує праці Ж.-П. Сартара, А. Камю, поетичні твори М. Рільке, досліджує різні етнічні та філософські проблеми. У своїй сукупності ці твори Габріеля Марселя дають уявлення про новий для флософії ХХ ст. підхід до проблем існування людини, який можна умовно назвати «філософією конкретності». Розрахована на викладацьку і студентську аудиторію та на всіх, хто цікавиться проблемами філософії.

Кл.слова:
проблеми філософії

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The Pulitzer Prize finalist and national bestseller How the Mind Works is a fascinating, provocative work exploring the mysteries of human thought and behavior. How do we see in three dimensions? How do we remember names and faces? How is it, indeed, that we ponder the nature of our own consciousness? Why do we fall in love? In this bold, extraordinary book, Pinker synthesizes the best of cognitive science and evolutionary biology to explain what the mind is, how it has evolved, and, ultimately, how it works. This edition includes a new afterword that explores the impact of the book and its relevance today.

Кл.слова:
мислення -- людська поведінка -- свідомість

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Морис Мерло-Понти (1908-1961) – крупнейший французский феноменолог XX века. Работа «Видимое и невидимое» представляет существенно новый этап в его творчестве (со временем публикации «Феноменологии восприятия»), который характеризуется выходом за рамки феноменологии, с ее анализом интенциональных отношений, и разработкой «новой онтологии», претендующей на окончательное преодоление фундаментальных категориальных оппозиций классической философии: субъективного и объективного, внутреннего и внешнего, видимого и невидимого. Новая онтология разворачивается как онтология плоти, как тематизация дикого бытия, которая в методологическом плане требует диалектического мышления, способного выдерживать взаимопереплетение воспринимающего и воспринимаемого. Став, бесспорно, революционным словом в феноменологии, работа оказала также значительное влияние на представителе других философских течений: герменевтики, структурализма и постструктурализма.

Кл.слова:
феноменологія -- онтологія -- герменевтика

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Originally published in German under the title Holzwege, this collection of texts is Heidegger's first post-war work and contains some of the major expositions of his later philosophy. Although translations of the essays have appeared individually in a variety of places, this is the first English translation to bring them together as Heidegger intended. It is an invaluable resource for all students of Heidegger, whether they study philosophy, literary theory, religious studies, or intellectual history.

Кл.слова:
філософія

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In his work, the author makes one more attempt to answer the main question of philosophy – what is primary the spirit or the matter. Analysis of frost patterns shows that the life in the Universe is typical and appears in line with the rule “Everything or Nothing”. A human being was formed initially by another human being as well as other forms of life. The nature of female and male physhology is explained in a different way. Male is the external being of the Universe, while female is internal. The kind of difference of humanity’s ability to explore the nature, where the main role is played by existence of the full range of chemical elements in the area, where people have been developed, is explained in another way. The philosophy of the state is described from another point of view. Contradicting the theory of communism by Marx, the study on family and priority is offered to the public. The structure of the society in the frames of synergetics finds its reflection in the rule “Everything or Nothing”. While considering the issue of the role of the Church in life of the society “Sacramental study on atheism” is offered.

Кл.слова:
проблеми філософії -- сучасна філософія -- ідеалізм -- постмодернізм

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A timely contribution from prominent philosophers to the public debate about morality and politics, exploring the fundamental problem of their relation and a string of specific issues. Is political morality more permissive of deception, manipulation and violence? Is there room for morality in international relations? Is patriotism a virtue? What are the moral costs of policies that keep out most of those seeking immigration or asylum? May we use torture in the 'war on terror'? What are the moral hazards of military obedience?

Кл.слова:
політика -- мораль