To identify a contributive role of changes in gene regulation of apoptosis and telomere length at transcriptional and translational levels to the formation of radiation-induced effects in immune system. Study groups included 310 Chornobyl (Chornobyl) cleanup workers (dose of external exposure (360,82 +- 32,3) mSv; age 58,9 +- 0,6 (M +- SD) years) and control (n = 77; age (52,9 +- 0,64) (M +- SD) years). Expression of CD95, phosphatidylserine receptors, bcl2 and p53 proteins was studied by flow cytometry; the relative expression (RQ) of BAX, BIRC5, FASLG, MADD, MAPK14, TP53, TP53I3, TERT, TERF1, TERF2 genes was performed using 7900 HT Fast RT-PCR System and TagMan technology. Relative telomere length (RTL) was quantified by flow-FISH assay. Dose-dependent deregulation of apoptosis was shown at transcriptional level (TP53, TP53 I3, BAX, BIRC5, FASL genes) and translational level (bcl-2 and p53 proteins) with blocking entry to apoptosis, dose-dependent activation of anti-apoptotic proteins and TP53-mediated expression of genes-inhibitors of apoptosis. After exposure below 100 mSv a decrease in TERT gene RQ was associated with shortened telomeres, after exposure to doses over 500 mSv the TERT RQ and RTL increase were associated with imbalance in TERF1 and TERF2 genes expression. Conclusion: our study demonstrates a presence ofsubsequent changes in gene expression, regulatory proteins pres& entation, telomere length and distribution of cells by the stages of apoptosis in a late period after radiation exposure from low-dose range to doses over 500 mSv. Results of the study contribute to the basic concepts on the late biological effects in immune system.

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