Aim - the high incidence of gastrointestinal cancer combined with high mortality from the disease if diagnosed at a late stage, signifies the need for better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools. Human beta-herpesviruses have been suggested as possible cofactors in the development of gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Sixty five patients with gastrointestinal cancer before surgery and without any treatment were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups depending on lymphocytes' count: I group (n = 35) - lymphocytes >> <$E1400~times~10 sup 6>/L and II group (n = 30) - lymphocytes << <$E1400~times~10 sup 6>/L. Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect latent and active stage of persistent human herpesvirus-6 and -7 infection, laser flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies - to determine immunological parameters. Activation of herpesvirus-6 and -7 was more frequently observed in the patients' group with lymphopenia (HHV-6 1/1 (100 %), HHV-7 4/8 (50 %) and HHV-6 + HHV-7 6/9 (66 %); p << 0,05). Cellular immune parameters were analysed in immunocompromised II group's patients dependently on beta-herpevirus infection. Although number of leukocytes was higher in patients with active HHV-6/-7 infection (p = 0,01), number of lymphocytes CD3<^>+, CD4<^>+, CD8<^>+ and CD38<^>+ in patients with active HHV-6/-7 infection tended to decrease (p << 0,0001, P = 0,0002, p = 0,0001 and p << 0,0001, respectively). However, number of CD19<^>+ had tendency to increase (p = 0,03). Conclusion: activation of herpesvirus-6 and -7 may lead to decrease of lymphocytes total count and develop immunosuppression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

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