Peritonitis is a very common complication in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most common causes are gram positive cocci (part of the normal skin flora), and then gram negative bacteria, while fhngi are listed as a rare cause of peritonitis, Aeromonas species are identified as a rare cause of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Among them, Aeromonas hydrophila is somewhat more common, followed by Aeromonas caviae. We reported a case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Aeromonas sobria that is extremely rare cause of this type of peritonitis. In our patient, pseudomembranous colitis occured as a complication and, reinfection - another episode of peritonitis with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Treatment with third-episode cephalosporins was successful and patient continued treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions: the rare causes of peritonitis should not be ignored, especially those which lead to increased morbidity and mortality of patients.

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