The objective of the research was to study the content of some neutral lipids of endocardial endothelium in rats tn relation to structural changes occurring in it, in the co-existence of emotional and pain stress, as well as alimentary hypercholesterolemia. The electric-impulse model was used for stress modeling. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia was modeled feeding animals an atherogenic diet. The concentration of triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol were examined using the method of thin-layer chromatography performed on silica gel. The concentration of free fatty acids was determined using the radiochemical method. The state of endocardial endothelium was studied with the help of light microscopy, the impression smears obtained from macro preparations of ventricle were analyzed. In co-existence of stress and hypercholesterolemia, significant increase in free cholesterol as well as free fatty acid concentration was noticed. This essentially exceeded the analogical indices under the action of stress only. Structural changes in the endocardium followed by desquamation of separate endotheliocytes were the result of stress reaction. In the action of both pathogenic factors, this process was intensified; layer-by-layer exfoliation of endotheliocytes was observed. Conclusions: in acute emotional and pain stress, changes in lipid spectrum of membrane structures of endocardial endotheliocytes the main manifestation of which is the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells and increase in the levels of free fatty acids take place. The increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells is the result of stress action as well. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia significantly increases such pathological changes.

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