The climate of the last millennium is characterized by a weak and practically linear large-scale decrease of the global temperature (~ <$E 0,28~symbol Р roman C "/" 10 sup 3> years), that is connected with a change of the terrestrial orbit eccentricity - the reaction of the terrestrial climatic system on "the orbital signal". Quasiperiodic fluctuations of the ground temperature on the background of the cooling with the periods of (<$E 57~symbol С~1>) and (<$E 66~symbol С~2>) years following from the analysis of the available temperature series restored by a non-direct way and those with the period (<$E 58~symbol С~3>) years obtained as a result of instrumental observations, practically coincide. The analysis of possible factors of quasiperiodic fluctuations of temperature in the last millennium and in the modern period is carried out.

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