Хотя о катастрофе 1941 года написаны целые библиотеки, тайна величайшей трагедии XX века не разгадана до сих пор. Почему Красная Армия так и не была приведена в боевую готовность, хотя все разведанные буквально кричали, что нападения следует ждать со дня надень? Почему руководство СССР игнорировало все предупреждения о надвигающейся войне? По чьей вине управление войсками было потеряно в первые же часы боевых действий, а Западный фронт разгромлен за считанные дни? Некоторые вопиющие факты просто не укладываются в голове. Так, вечером 21 июня, когда руководство Западного Особого военного округа находилось на концерте в Минске, к командующему подошел начальник разведотдела и доложил, что на границе очень неспокойно. «Этого не может быть, чепуха какая-то, разведка сообщает, что немецкие войска приведены в полную боевую готовность и даже начали обстрел отдельных участков нашей границы», — сказал своим соседям ген. Павлов и, приложив палец к губам, показал на сцену; никто и не подумал покинуть спектакль! Мало того, накануне войны поступил прямой запрет на рассредоточение авиации округа, а 21 июня — приказ на просушку топливных баков; войскам было запрещено открывать огонь даже по большим группам немецких самолетов, пересекающим границу; с пограничных застав изымалось (якобы «для осмотра») автоматическое оружие, а боекомплекты дотов, танков, самолетов приказано было сдать на склад! Что это — преступная некомпетентность, нераспорядительность, откровенный идиотизм? Или нечто большее?. НОВАЯ КНИГА ведущего военного историка не только дает ответ на самые горькие вопросы, но и подробно, день за днем, восстанавливает ход первых сражений Великой Отечественной.

Кл.слова:
друга світова війна

To travel from premodernism through modernism and into post-modernism might take several centuries and even millennia. American legal thought, remarkably so, has made the voyage in just over two hundred years. My purpose is to tell the story of this mercurial journey.

Кл.слова:
модернізм -- юриспруденція

Contemporary accounts of what’s “natural” for human society still cite the thirteenth-century system of Thomas Aquinas – even on the Supreme Court. But those accounts ignore his biblical commentaries, which reveal something much stranger. Against the reigning impression, the commentaries embed all law, even the law of nature, in a sexually charged story of decline by specific ethnic groups – Jews and Gentiles – gendered in changing ways and redeemed by the reinsemination of divine grace. This book uses accounts of ethnicity and gender, nature and grace in Aquinas’s biblical commentaries to reframe the systematic works (especially his Summa theologiae) still quoted in court. The whole advantage of natural law is supposed to lie in its independence from any particular group, history, or religion. That is why rival views of gender and sexuality both appeal to “nature” and cite Aquinas. But Aquinas’s Summa ties natural law to specific biblical passages, where his commentary describes a nature that differs by ethnicity, varies over time, and changes sexuality by God’s decree. This destabilizes turn-of-the-twenty-first-century uses, liberal or conservative.

Кл.слова:
середньовічна філософія -- релігієзнавство -- екзегетика -- моральні категорії

Vol. 344. - 1338 p.

An encyclopedic dictionary, with extensive bibliographies, designed for teachers and students of Roman Law in the classroom, for students of legal history who have little or no knowledge of Latin, and for readers of juristic or literary Latin works in translations that may not be reliable when legal terms or problems are involved.

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція -- історія права

As is increasingly true today, fresh water in ancient Italy was a limited resource, made all the more precious by the Roman world's reliance on agriculture as its primary source of wealth. From estate to estate, the availability of water varied, in many cases forcing farmers in need of access to resort to the law. In Gardens and Neighbors: Private Water Rights in Roman Italy, Cynthia Bannon explores the uses of the law in controlling local water supplies. She investigates numerous issues critical to rural communities and the Roman economy. Her examination of the relationship between farmers and the land helps draw out an understanding of Roman attitudes toward the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and builds an understanding of law in daily Roman life

Кл.слова:
право

What can 'globalisation' teach us about law in the Western tradition? This important new work seeks to explore that question by analysing key ideas and events in the Western legal tradition, including the Papal Revolution, the Protestant Reformations and the Enlightenment. Addressing the role of law, morality and politics, it looks at the creation of orders which offer the possibility for global harmony, in particular the United Nations and the European Union. It also considers the unification of international commercial laws in the attempt to understand Western law in a time of accelerating cultural interconnections. The title will appeal to scholars of legal history and globalisation as well as students of jurisprudence and all those trying to understand globalisation and the Western dynamic of law and authority.

Кл.слова:
право

Many people express shock and horror when they hear of a wealthy or famous person killing another person. As a society, we seem to expect the rich and famous to behave better, to commit fewer crimes, to be immune to the passions that inspire other, less prominent people to kill. After all, the rich and famous have everything—why would they need to murder? But the rich and famous kill for the very same reasons others do: love, power, money, jealousy, greed, revenge, and rage. Here, Scott takes us on a tour of murders committed by the rich and famous during the last century, looking at the motives, the responses of the community and local law enforcement, the media, and the outcomes. She argues that the rich and famous may kill for the same reasons as others, but they receive vastly different treatment and are often able to get away with murder. Homicide by the rich and famous is not new in this country, nor is fascination with the crimes committed by our most revered citizens. But being among the upper echelon of society does afford such suspects with a greater ability to escape punishment. They have greater access to better respresentation, they have the means to flee the country, they have influential friends in high places willing to put themselves on the line, and they are generally treated better by law enforcement and the criminal justice system. This book profiles the many ways in which homicides committed by the rich and famous are similar to other murders in their motives, but differ from those committed by everyday citizens in their outcomes. Scott provides readers with a showcase of crimes that will infuriate and fascinate readers.

Кл.слова:
злочин -- вбивство

Much of what we know about the colourful Russian middle ages comes from legal sources: the treaties of Russian-Scandinavian warlords with the Byzantine emperors, the gradual penetration of Christianity and Byzantine institutions, the endless game of war and peace among the numerous regional princes, the activities of Hanseatic merchants in the wealthy city-republic of Novgorod, the curious relationships between the Mongol conquerors and Russian rulers and church dignitaries, etc. And, at the even further fringes of medieval Europe, there were the Christian kingdoms of Armenia and Georgia, squeezed between the Islamic empires of Iran and Turkey, but each possessing their elaborate and original legal systems. A discussion of more general questions of legal history and legal anthropology precedes the treatment of these various topics.

Кл.слова:
закон -- історія