The transnational circulation ofpeople and ideas is transforming the world we live in, but grasping its full complexity is extraordinarily difficult. To do so, it is essential to focus on specific places where transnational flows are happening. The international human rights movement against violence to women provides a valuable site for understanding how new categories ofmeaning emerge and are applied to social practices around the world. These meanings are often enthusiastically appropriated by regional, national, and local social movements and used to criticize everyday practices ofviolence. In order for human rights ideas to be effective, however, they need to be translated into local terms and situated within local contexts of power and meaning. They need, in other words, to be remade in the vernacular. How does this happen? Do people in local communities reframe human rights ideas to fit into their system ofcultural meanings? Do they resist ideas that seem unfamiliar? Examining this process is crucial to understanding the way human rights act in the contemporaryworld.

Кл.слова:
транснаціоналізм -- правосуддя

The Gay Rights Question in Contemporary American Law offers an unusually nuanced analysis of the most pressing gay rights issues. Does antigay discrimination violate the Constitution? Is there any sound moral objection to homosexual conduct? Are such objections the moral and constitutional equivalent of racism? Must state laws recognizing same-sex unions be given effect in other states? Should courts take account of popular resistance to gay equality? Koppelman sheds new light on all these questions. Sure to upset purists on either side of the debate, Koppelman's book criticizes the legal arguments advanced both for and against gay rights. Just as important, it places these arguments in broader moral and social contexts, offering original, pragmatic, and workable legal solutions.

Кл.слова:
законодавство -- ґендер -- гомосексуальність -- гомофобія

The idea for this edited collection arose out of a series of interdisciplinary workshops entitled ‘Gender and Migration in 21st Century Europe’ hosted jointly by the Migration Unit and the Feminist Legal Research Unit at the University of Liverpool between October 2006 and April 2007. The same title is adopted for this collection which draws on the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshops coupled with additional invited contributions from notable scholars in the field. In referring to ‘gender’ the aim is to explore how social, economic, legal, political and cultural processes implied by migration govern and reinforce relations between the sexes – not just between men and women, but between female and male children, and between girls and women. Our interpretation of ‘migration’ is also broad to encompass a range of geographical, economic and personal trajectories into and within Europe as well as the emergence and effectiveness of new regulatory mechanisms to address issues of ‘forced’ migration (notably trafficking), cross-national family breakdown and employment migration in an expanding European Union.

Кл.слова:
права дитини -- кар'єра жінки

Despite its social importance, the topic of the significance of race and gender in the law of torts has not received sustained attention largely because, on its surface, the world of torts appears divided between those who suffer injury and those who inflict injury, categories that are race and gender neutral. To be sure, there is a vague awareness that particular social groups are more likely to sustain certain types of injuries, for example, that women are disproportionately hurt by domestic violence and that African American children are at greater risk than white children of suffering injury from exposure to lead paint. However, the conventional wisdom is that the legal rules, concepts, and structures for liability no longer take account of the race or gender of the parties.

Кл.слова:
расова дискримінація -- ґендерна дискримінація

The civil jury must rank among the most controversial of America’s political and legal institutions. To paraphrase Kalvan and Zeisel’s ground-breaking work, the jury is a group of people, chosen at random, who are then entrusted with official decision-making powers, yet who make their decisions in secret and with little or no explanation. It is therefore not surprising that the jury has been the subject of both extravagant praise and harsh criticism (Kalven and Zeisel, 1966, pg. 66). Indeed, contemporary critics of the civil justice system decry a “litigation explosion” of “frivolous lawsuits” decided by incompetent, irrational and gullible jurors.1 Despite this heated rhetoric surrounding the jury, relatively little is known about how civil juries reach their verdicts.

Кл.слова:
судова система -- судовий процес

Contemporary accounts of what’s “natural” for human society still cite the thirteenth-century system of Thomas Aquinas – even on the Supreme Court. But those accounts ignore his biblical commentaries, which reveal something much stranger. Against the reigning impression, the commentaries embed all law, even the law of nature, in a sexually charged story of decline by specific ethnic groups – Jews and Gentiles – gendered in changing ways and redeemed by the reinsemination of divine grace. This book uses accounts of ethnicity and gender, nature and grace in Aquinas’s biblical commentaries to reframe the systematic works (especially his Summa theologiae) still quoted in court. The whole advantage of natural law is supposed to lie in its independence from any particular group, history, or religion. That is why rival views of gender and sexuality both appeal to “nature” and cite Aquinas. But Aquinas’s Summa ties natural law to specific biblical passages, where his commentary describes a nature that differs by ethnicity, varies over time, and changes sexuality by God’s decree. This destabilizes turn-of-the-twenty-first-century uses, liberal or conservative.

Кл.слова:
середньовічна філософія -- релігієзнавство -- екзегетика -- моральні категорії

This book is an introductory textbook on sexual politics and an original contribution to the reformulation of social and political theory. In a discussion of, among other issues, psychoanalysis, Marxism and feminist theories, the structure of gender relations, and working class feminism, the author has produced a work of synthesis and scholarship which should be of interest to students and professionals in sociology, politics, women's studies and to anyone interested in the field of sexual politics.

Кл.слова:
ґендерна політика -- фемінізм -- психоаналіз -- толерантність

In September 1995, I joined representatives from 189 countries for the United Nations’ Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. That event still stands out as one of the great honors and highlights of my life. That 1995 historic gathering brought together people of all backgrounds and beliefs to voice our support for women’s rights and put women’s issues at the forefront of the global agenda. Together, we outlined a Plan of Action to improve the condition of women and girls worldwide. In the years since Beijing, advocates, activists and governments around the world have used that plan to advance opportunity and progress for women. The good news is that we have accomplished a great deal. More girls are enrolled in school, more women hold political office, and more laws exist to protect vulnerable populations. Unfortunately, we have a long way yet to go. Sometimes by custom, sometimes by law, millions of women worldwide are still denied their rights. They are excluded from public life in their societies, subjected to violence or barred from getting an education, taking a job or driving a car. This is morally wrong. It offends our basic sense of justice and fairness. But it is unacceptable for another reason too — because it keeps countries from making real progress in creating jobs, sparking economic growth and giving all their people an opportunity to create a better future. No country can advance when half its population is left behind. But when women are empowered to exercise their human rights and afforded equal opportunities, amazing things happen. The benefits don’t stop with an individual woman. They spread to entire communities and countries. Simply helping girls stay in school longer, for example, has a powerful effect. Birth rates drop. So does the number of young children who die. HIV infections, domestic violence and female cutting all decline. And, in nations divided by violent conflict, the chances for lasting peace go up when women are part of the solution. Women play important roles as peacekeepers, as they did in Northern Ireland and Liberia. In short, women around the world sustain families, build communities and knit the social fabric together. At the State Department, we believe elevating the status of women and girls in their societies is not only the right thing to do, it is also the smart thing to do. Women and girls are often a community’s greatest untapped resource, which makes investing in them a powerful and effective way to promote international development and our diplomatic agenda. (Hillary Rodham Clinton)

Кл.слова:
ґендерна рівність -- права людини -- Пекінська платформа

  Текст у форматі PDF 1.62 Мб

Підсумовуючи діяльність Уповноваженого у 2012 р., а також на виконання вимог статті 18 Закону України “Про Уповноваженого Верховної Ради України з прав людини” вашій увазі пропонується Щорічна доповідь про стан додержання та захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина в Україні як документ, у якому означено й проаналізовано системні проблеми, що призводять до порушення прав і свобод людини в Україні. При цьому Уповноваженим з прав людини вітаються ті позитивні досягнення і здобутки, які ми спостерігали протягом минулого року. Проте відповідно до міжнародних стандартів та практики роботи національних інституцій у Доповіді акцентується на виявлених проблемах та недоліках, а також надаються рекомендації щодо їх розв’язання. Метою цієї Доповіді є не стільки критика існуючої ситуації з правами людини в Україні, скільки сприяння покращенню ситуації у сфері дотримання прав і свобод людини в нашій державі. Проект Щорічної доповіді обговорено на засіданні Консультативної ради при Уповноваженому з прав людини.

Кл.слова:
права людини -- дискримінація -- катування -- ґендерна рівність

  Текст у форматі PDF 3.23 Мб

У доповіді висвітлено стан досягнення Цілей Розвитку Тисячоліття (ЦРТ), уточнено матрицю завдань та індикаторів ЦРТ та встановлено реальні цільові орієнтири до 2015 року з використанням широкого кола інформаційних, статистичних та аналітичних матеріалів. Проаналізовано перешкоди на шляху динамічного розвитку країни, визначено основні проблеми нинішнього етапу реалізації завдань ЦРТ та запропоновано рекомендації щодо оптимальних шляхів їх вирішення. Публікація стане у нагоді урядовцям, працівникам міністерств та відомств, керівникам та фахівцям місцевих органів виконавчої влади, науковцям, діячам громадських організацій, усім, кого цікавлять питання соціально-економічного та людського розвитку України.

Кл.слова:
демографічні проблеми -- ґендерна рівність -- охорона довкілля