In this book I trace the growing tension between freedom of expression and copyright law’s grant of property rights in expression. That tension cannot be eradicated: by giving authors exclusive rights, copyright both encourages the creation of new works and necessarily prevents some speakers from copying from existing expression to convey their message effectively. But while that tension is inevitable, it is not wholly irremediable. As I argue, copyright can and should be redrawn to better serve free speech goals in both traditional and digital media. I have two caveats about my project. First, due to space limitations, I focus almost entirely on the law and system of free expression in the United States. Copyright and free speech simultaneously face and embrace each other in other countries as well, and while copyright’s paradox has received first, most intensive attention in the United States, non-American scholars, lawmakers, and judges have also joined the fray, yielding much insight. I hope that my foreign colleagues will draw parallels to my exploration of the U.S. experience. Second, especially as applied to digital networks, copyright is a highly fluid area of law and policy with new, noteworthy developments taking place almost every day. Unfortunately for readers, but perhaps thankfully for tired authors, there comes a time when texts published in hard copy are put to bed and can no longer reflect ongoing developments. With isolated exceptions, this book reflects developments only through April 1, 2007. I trust that its thesis and argument will remain relevant for a good time after that, even as some of its detail is overtaken by subsequent events.