The study aims to increase the efficiency of the use of the pipe-piston unit by ensuring the reliability of the measurement results based on the development of calibrating technique for the pipe-piston installation. Theoretical research is based on using the principles of system and process approaches. To solve the scientific problem, the fundamental provisions of statistical methods and experimental methods were used; methods of mathematical modeling of estimation of measurement uncertainties. Based on the results of the work, the normative document "Metrology. Installations of a standard pipe-piston. Calibration technique". The approach to controlling metrological characteristics of the pipe-piston installation, based on estimating the uncertainty of measurements during its calibration, was further developed. Application of the proposed approach allows one to control the metrological characteristics directly on site without disrupting the working product's accounting process and increasing the pipe-piston installation's efficiency by an increase in the reliability of measurements and ensuring repeatability.